Most researchers seem to recognize the importance of "concepts" in the study of terms. However, little has been clarified about the theoretical status of "concepts" with respect to the study of terms, except for rather ideological statements. Against this background, the author tries to clarify the status of "concepts" in the study of terms, in comparison with the status of meaning in semantic studies of language. It is concluded that "concepts" must be understood as a category of discourse, and, based on this, a framework of the theoretical study of terms is proposed.

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　Semantic processing is one of most important problems in various fields such as database, natural language processing, artificial intelligence etc, and many knowledge representation methods have been proposed to solve it. In this paper, the focus is meaning of concepts especially description and structure. A model is proposed based on properties of concept and hierarchical relationship between concepts for representating meanings of concepts. The model is suitable for dynamic properties of concepts , and is useful for construction of conceptual structure.

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In traditional English thesauri, it is difficult for a user to choose from a synonym list, adequate words which can be used in his/her context. To resolve this difficulty, this paper designs and implements an English thesaurus database system with evolving semantics of words. The salient feature of the thesaurus database system is that it keeps track of word evolution from the Proto-Indo-European to modern English.

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This paper describes a system and methods to extract synonyms by analyzing Japanese text. One of the extraction methods is based on word co-occurrence similarity of synonyms. Another method detects explanatory expression patterns of synonyms. This system, which uses these two methods, has the advantage that it can apply to large- scale text corpora, because of its robustness. This paper also reports synonym dictionary construction process using this system. The former method tends to extract synonyms of general terms, and the latter method tends to extract abbreviations of proper nouns.

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　Because many of Japanese terms in variety fields can be regarded as composite terms, decomposing terms into elementary terms seems to be helpful to understand about terms. Decomposing terms, it is necessary to decide a basic set of elementary terms. In this paper, the author discuss about a method to extract elementary terms from analyses of dictionaries. A method selecting candidates of elementary terms referring the result of decomposition is proposed.

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　Dialogue in 6 languages (English, Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Portuguese, and Spanish) are made by 2 notebook-type personal computers, connected by a wire and made up as a "Master-Slave" system.
　Afterwards a language is selected at the Slave, the phrases are displayed in Japanese on the Master's screen and in the selected language on the Slave's.
　The Master contains thousands of phrase file and feeds to the Slave just one adequate phrase which is chosen on the double staged 100 key-words when selected by the cursor of the Master's keyboard.
　Whoever reads the phrases of his mother language on the SLave's screen can reply with a finger-tip touch to one of the answers, with reference to the inquiry phrase, in framed keys.(The Slave has a liquid crystal "touch"screen.)
　If necessary, the variables, such as the name of the month, day, nationality, and numerals are inserted into the adequate position of the phrase when chosen out of the words prepared in framed keys.
　The record of dialogue(protocol) can be printed out on the Slave's printer at anytime in both languages by touching the Master's function key "PRINT".
　(Dialogue is available by utilizing accomodated phrases and words only.)

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A scientometric analysis of social science research is tried by using the machine-readable files of the IBSS 1981-1985, which is one of the comprehensive international bibliographies in social sciences including cultural anthropology, economics, political science and sociology. Data used are 40,313 monograph records in the IBSSfile. First, we try to compare the number of scholarly monographs published by each country. As a result, it is shown that a large portion of monographs was published by only a small portion of countries. Second, we examine the correlation among the number of published mono- graphs, GDP and socio-demographic factors such as population and the number of people attaining the education level provided at university. A regression model that incorporates GDP as explanatory variable explains well the variation of the number of monographs by countries (R^2=0.769).

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Statistics Council of Japan, an adversary committee for the minister, has made a recommendation entitled "New Long and Medium Term Plan for Statistical Administration" on tenth of March in 1995 after ten years from the previous recommendation in 1985.
　Among many topics they made very important recommendations for the system of disclosure of governmental Statistics such as 1) utilisation of on-line system, 2) broadening the kinds of publication media not only magnetic tape or floppy disk but also CO ROM and other medias which may appear in future and 3) promotion of special tabulation on demand. Above all they suggested to explore the possibility of releasing a sample data tape, i.e. deindividualised data set tape.

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　The set of Tibetan characters consist of basic 30 consents, 76 combination characters, and 4 vowels. Despite the limited number, there are many similar characters and thus, special treatment is necessary to recognize them automatically.
　In this paper, each Tibetan character is assigned to have an Object Oriented dictionary which is created by combining the categorization and the character identification procedures. When the Euclidean distance between the candidate characters becomes shorter than the assumed threshold values, these characters are categorized as similar characters.

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This paper describes an image understanding system which reads printed chemical structures via an image scanner, recognizes them as chemical structures and gives the result in the form of connection tables. The system accepts chemical structure diagrams including characters and stereochemical symbols depicted in ordinary textbooks and articles. The recognition and understanding process of image data comprises the following three major steps: at first, the basic recognition of building blocks of input data as figure primitives, then the graph generation from the result of the previous process, and the interpretation and understanding of the graph as a chemical graph (a chemical structure). In other words, the whole process consists of hierarchically distributed functions, where the bottom layer is the first one, and the top the last. The process normally progresses from the bottom to the top. However, the system works cooperatively between the layers when some layer suspends judgements or detects the possibility of misjudgements. For instance, an assumed character area could be ambiguous when the character is overlapped with other figure elements; crossing lines may be interpreted as a cross of two single lines, or four lines connected to a single node. These undetermined situations can be resolved with cooperative processing of two or more layer functions using domain knowledge concerning chemical structures. Experiments have proved that the system is powerful enough to give sufficient precision in terms of center-line extraction of complex chemical structures which a commercial product cannot recognize precisely.

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Advanced utilization of information is required in many kinds of fields. Semantic processing is a serious problem to be solved for realization of thinking support systems in material design. This paper describes extraction of semantic relationships and structuraliztion of information. Semantic relationships can be extracted from full-texts by unification-based formalism with feature structures. This method covers syntactic analysis and semantic analysis integratedly. Extracted semantic relationships are structuralized by self-organizer in Information-Base Systems with Self Organizing Receptor Interconnections.

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The fine specificity of monoclonal antibodies is the indispensable information to the elucidation of the protein-ligand interaction. The data on the epitope of antigens have been desperately required in immunology, pharmacology and molecular biology because the epitope is specifically recognized by antibodies. With these interests, Epitope Data Bank has been developed as a feasibility study for supporting those fields. The record of Epitope Data Bank is a sequenced epitope locating on antigen molecule with links to PIR, GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ and HDB. The software for the retrieval of antigens and epitope sequences was also developed. Further link to PDB is under developing to support biologists to find proper reference structure for modeling of antibody structure.

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Our joint research project of creating an original hypermedia corpus of spoken Japanese began in 1991 as a pilot study for error analyses in discourse. We have collected 'live' spoken data from actual conversation between experts of TJFL (Teaching Japanese as a Foreign Language) and several native and non-native speakers (or learners) of Japanese. The experiments were executed in the forms of free talking plus role plays, which were based upon an established testing format known as OPI (Oral Proficency Interview). The whole contents of OPI experimentation were first recorded by camcorders on several high precision video tapes, and then converted into digital video files and/or digital sound data files, using DTV hardware and software. So far, the accumulated data (compressed files) have amounted to more than 1GB, which include movie clips, sound files, and full texts transcribed from the original digital sound data. The process of text transcription and its link to video and audio data is still under way. Our research has also been motivated by a new concept of global network. Recently, a sharp rise of interest in communicating ideas and sharing resources via Intemet seems to be accelerating the move toward building up distributed databases, accessible to any user connected to the worldwide network, e.g. WWW, Gopher and WAIS. The sample movie data of our corpus project is now being transferred to WWW server (http://www.fit.ac.jp) along with HTML-based tagged texts and is expected to be available on the Internet.

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In this paper, we report some advanced technique for the implementation of WWW server. On WDCM Web server, we introduced WAIS program for searchable engine as background jobs and LINK to connect records beyond the databases by HTML language. This technique relates all our independent databases and allows users to traverse a few databases quick and smooth. We also developed an interface between Web server through MOSAIC and other useful programs, for instance, RDB, OODB and E-mail systems so On. "CGI POST METHOD" of HTML plays the leading part to implement the interface program.

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We are developing a SGML-DTD design support system with GUI (Graphical User Interface) using object-oriented approach. Here, SGML is ISO 8879: Standard Generalized Markup Language. In a SGML-based system, a structure of document is defined in a DTD (Document Type Definition) written in SGML. Our system has 3 features as follows; (1) a document structure is presented in a tree whose node indicates an element; (2) a user can define / update the structure using GUI; (3) the system outputs the structure in a form of DTD. We are developing the system using C++, OSF/Motif and X-Window. The system will decrease difficulties in designing DTD.

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To construct a general purpose SGML-based document processing system, it is required to translate the document structure and/or the data representation, from a source document written in SGML, to the format required by the application. In this paper, We propose a language to do this translation, whose processor executes translating procedures while traversing the tree structure of the parsed document produced by an SGML parser. This language (currently called "AEsop") is an general-purpose document structure operating language, which can handle any DTD and any output data format. For example, AEsop has the ability to: (a) select a procedure to be applied to a node, according to the conditions of the node (the element type name, attribute values, the position in the document structure, etc.), (b) transform the tree structure of the document. We finished the language design, and now implementing a prototype processor.

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