As the basis for rational interpretation of the electrocardiographic records, various experimental findings and chief features of the transmembrane potentials of mammalian cardiac muscle have been presented, and explained from the standpoint of the cable theory of excitable fibres, viz.,
1) Intracellular polarization of cardiac cell membrane and measurement of the spread of electrotonic potential. Evaluation of cable constants of the cardiac cell.
2) Resting potential and patterns of action potential of cardiac cell. Changes in membrane impedance throughout the cycle of action potential.
3) Initiation of excitation by depolarizing current. Local response. Current-voltage relationship in the resting cardiac cell membrane.
4) Applicabillity of the sodium theory and Hodgkin-Huxley equation to the cardiac cell. Possible significance and contribution of the network analysis to the cardiac electrophysiology.

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Current situation of computer interpretation of electrocardiogram is reviewed. Techniques of filtering or smoothing of digitized curve, point recognition, time normalization and pattern recognition are included in the scope. The most parts of the data processing system of electrocardiogram has been organized with success by several groups, but the stage of pattern recognition is still an important subject for argument.
The trial to divide the normals and the abnormals by means of a single parameter such as polar vector, ventricular gradient and so forth has not yet shown satisfactory results. Statistical approach using probability density function for various parameters characterizing electrocardiographic patterns such as amplitudes, durations and intervals has been proved feasible for only a part of various abnormalities. A discrimination function derived from Fourier analysis distinguished one kind of abnormality from normals but, to be regarded generally applicable, it may need further experience with patterns of various types.
Use of multiple adaptive matched filters resulted in a success in classification of QRS complex of various patterns. The method includes capability of self-learning which is performed by initiating and storing memory filters, being modified frequently as the recognition of various patterns proceeds. So it simulates, at least partly, human pattern recognition and an extensive study on this operation may help understanding the mechanism of pattern recognition by human brain.
It was pointed out that, for engineers, electrocardirgram is important material for bio-medical data processing or pattern recognition because of easiness in approach and handling. For physicians, the first introduction of computer into practice will likely occur in the automatic interpretation of electrocardiogram and it is expected computer diagnosis of electrocardiogram is followed by renovation and reorganization of clinical diagnostics in various fields of medicine through use of computer.

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The present stage of clinical application of telemetering are reviewed.
1) Recent “Electronic Nurse” of several makers are introduced and their transducers of temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate and blood pressure are discussed.
2) An automatic recording apparatus was constructed to take the pulse rate and temperature readings from each patient in the ward. The temperature was taken from the mouth with a thermister and the pulse rate with the photoelectric plethysmograph ear-piece. In this fashion 50 beds can be automatically recorded within 60 seconds.
3) Telephon transmission of E. C. G. are discussed and the case between Osaka and Tokyo are reported.
4) With the use of transistorized radio-E. C. G. the step-up test of the coronary groups was carried out. Clinically the use of this method is very significant. E. C. G. tracings during golfing, lecturing, business dealings, working in the factory and house working such as washing, shopping and bedding are reported.

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It is considered that there are the logical and decided aspects and the probable ones in the thinking processes of the diagnosis made by physicians.
In this paper, it was reported that we tried to resolve the problems of the diagnosis using the logical (Boolean) algebra on the point of view that the medical diagnosis would be deduced logically from the informations obtained from the cases. In order to do this study, fifty-four liver diseases was selected in the liver diseases. In the other hand, fourty-five symptoms symptoms and ninety-six laboratory examinations containing the liver function tests, X-ray examinations and laparoscopic and biopsy findings corresponded to these diseases were picked up. The logical equations were made from the matrix between the diseases the symptoms and the examinations. The logical equations were stored in the memory of the digital computer and the diagnosis was made by giving the informations obtained from the patient successively in the input of the computer. Explaining our method for the diagnosis of the complications, if the idea that a random complication of the diseases is decided as one other disease was adopted, the kinds of the complications will come up to the enormous numbers. Consequently, it is very difficult that this idea is made practical application. Therefore, on the basis of the hypothesis that some complication was the case which dominated a logical minterm in a logical equation, the possibility of the diagnosis of the complication were studied. An electronic computer presents an useful aid to establish the objectivity of diagnosis. But the method that entrustes the diagnosis to the computer in all points is not practical.
It is desirable that the method should be made.a plan to aid reasoning of physician in diagnosis.

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The electromyograms of 48 canine and 20 human stomachs were recorded with bipolar lead using two silver needles which are 170, μ in diameter and 1. 5mm apart each other.
The results were as followed :
1) The rhythmical electrical discharge was observed in advance of the visible peristalsis which occured in middle part of the gastric body and propagated downwards. The electrical discharge formed slow spike. And the spike had different characteristics at different portions of the stomach. For example, the voltage of the spike was highest and the duration was shortest at the antrum. It seems to be indicating the limit of magnitude of peristaltic contraction there.
2) The voltage of the spike seemed to be innate at each portion of each stomach. And it could not be changed by many small factors which change the magnitude of peristaltic contraction. The voltage was suppressed only by such very active factors as deep ether anesthesia or adrenalin. The change usualy apeared in frequency of the spikes governing the peristaltic frequency. The most active factors were drugs, temperature and mechanical extension, which are supposed to have direct action upon the metabolism and the elactrical activity of the smooth muscle. It is sugested that the stomach has automatic mechanism and the nerve only control it.
These characters of the electrical activity are observe don both canine and human stomach. The analysis of the electromyogram is considered to be useful to research into the gastric patho-physiology.

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[in Japanese]

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