Thermography, which is defined as the study of temperature patterns-from graphic or photographic record, has been applied in the field of medicine since 1957, by using the Infra-red camera or Infra-red radiothermometer. These instruments are designed to detect the infra-red radiation which is emitted by every object whose temperature is above absolute zero.
The human skin is an almost “black body”, whose emissivity is 0.99 from about 3 micron to beyond 15 micron. So the body surface temperature can be measured by detecting the infra-red radiation emitted from skin. Temperatures of skin are influenced by heat production, thermal conducion and blood flow of tissues. As the medical application, thermography is used in diagnosis of malignant tumor mainly in breast cancer, inflamation, vascular diseases, obstetric region as a thermoplacentography and so on. Thermography is seemed to be a powerful instrumentation in the future medicine.

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By cannulating the aorta and connecting to a pressurized blood reservoir, mean arterial pressure of the dog was kept constant. The term “blood-pressure-clamp” is proposed with reference to this procedure and “compensatory flow” to the blood flow flowing between the aorta and the reservoir. With an electromagnetic flow meter, compensatory flow, cardiac output and peripheral blood flow were measured during circulatory reflexes and responses as well as on stepwise variation of the clamp-pressure. Continuous observation of the general and local peripheral resistances is possible by respective recording of cardiac output and peripheral blood flow with blood-pressure-clamp. The advantage of the blood-pressure-clamp over the conventional perfusion method as a method for observing peripheral resistance is that the former is applicable to regions which cannot be easily isolated for perfusion, such as the superior mesenteric and celiac regions.

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This paper describes some results of statistical analysis and automatic diagnosis of respiratory diseases, particularly lung cancer, on a digital computer.
We consider an-dimensional vector, called a symptom vector, that fixes one patient at time T_o :
X= (X₁, X₂………X_n) where, if the patient shows theith symptom, X_i=1, if so not, X_i=0. Thesenelements are regarded as coordinates in an-dimensional vector space. Statistical analysis was aimed at relating certain subspaces of the vector space with the pathological categories.
The hyperplane by which the vector space was separated into two subspaces, each subspace corresponding to pathological category, was chosen for the statistical analysis mainly because of its conceptual and mathematic simplicity. The basic conception of the optimum separation is based on the minimax principle.
The above mentioned method seems to be superior to a usual linear discriminant function, on two following points :
1) It is possible to use this method in the case that the covariance matrix in each. population is different.
2) This method may be used, not only in the case that each variable is continuous, but in the case that each variable is discrete.
Consequently, this paper shows that two pathological groups can be classified by means of the expression of linear combination of each variable in the case that medical information, is discrete.
As for medical information, the authors used 18 items of patient's history and 24 findings of broncho graphy respectively.
With each sample, the method has been satisfactory. However, demonstration of clinical evaluation will require additional investigation.

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The relationships between the alveolar ventilatory minute volume and the heart rate or the carbon dioxide output in man were studied on five normal subjects during exercise with a bicycle ergometer. The ventilatory minute volume, the heart rate and the carbon dioxide output were measured continuously throughout steady-and transient-state of the exercise.
From these experimental data, the alveolar ventilatory minute volume appeared to be linearly related to the heart rate or to the carbon dioxide output, as far as the exercise was in physiological range. Based on these results, an analog simulation of the respiratory system with the artificial control of respiration by heart rate was considered. The minute ventilation obtained by this method was compared with actual minute ventilation of the subject. The respiration obtained by our analog model controlled with the subject's heart rate showed almost similar results as that of the subject himself.
It is concluded from our experimental data that the use of heart rate is favorable as the simplest input signal of artificial repiratory control system to some extent.

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A new chest wall model has been made, having a mechanical impedane similar to that of a chest wall, for examining the performance characteristics of phonocardiographic transducers. This paper deals with a method used for the examination of the frequency characteristics by the model. This mode I was made of artificial rubber soaked in silicone oil, coated with urethane paint and dried up at room temperature. For calibration, the model was placed on a vibrometer which was shaken with constant velocity and the performance characteristics of various microphones were examined on the model to be compared with the present “standard contact microphone”.
Conversion ratios of velocity on the human chest wall can be obtained from calibration, so long as the velocity on the model has been measured in advance.

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Electronic computers are often applied for processing bio-medical data recently. Some examples would be pattern recognitions of E. C. G., specific analyses of E. E. G. and measurements of nerve impulses.
On the other hand, bio-medical data are widely recorded and stored on magnetic tape in some forms of modulation.
It would be convenient for the bio-medical researchers to be prepared a multi-purpose data-converter which forms the punched tape for computer input directly from the modulated magnetic tape, etc.
For this reason, an apparatus, which is composed of a buffer tape-recorder for changing the data speed, abinary counter, a 8-bit puncher and some adaptors, and which could be applied for analog-binary conversion of the E. L. F. signals, direct binary conversion of stored magnetic tape; measurements of zero-crossing or impulse densities, or time-intervals of them, measurements of average responses and manual curve tracing, was produced for trial.
The principle of operation and results on some applications are explained in some details.

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