Owing to the rapid development of electronic computer technique, system engineering has recently proved very useful for managerial problems. In spite of speciality in hospital administration, we can suggest valuable applications of system engineering, but it is necessary to examine the various conditions which enable the application successful. At first, it is explained that system thinking is the basic concept of system engineering in managerial fields. Consideration based on the block diagram at the level of macroscopic national economy reveals that there exist rather definite limitations in activities of medical service organizations and the importance of the requirement analysis in the medical field must be more emphasized. Considering the purpose of hospital administration expressed not in a semantic expression but in a practical detailed form, it can be said that medical marketing which means the investigation and the control of medical demand in the public is the actual top policy in hospital administration. The clerical work in hospitals can be easily substituted by EDPS but it has no radical effect as far as it merely remains in the clerical field. When EDPS would be introduced into the clinical work besides the clerical work, hospital administration system may grow to obtain a powerful effect as a whole system. Both to increase the productivity in hospitals and to decrease the cost of medical services seem possible only by utilizing properly system engineering for large and complicated hospital administrative systems.

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Modern medicine, with its expanding scale and greater specialization, has made it difficult for any one doctor to do all the necessary clinical tests or measurements by himself, because of the increase in kind and number of tests which require skilled technicians and many expensive, delicate and complex electronic instruments.
To meet this situation, the system of central laboratory is rapidly spreading all over our country these several years. The new central laboratory system in large hospitals, which includes laboratory tests, physiological tests, endoscopy, X-ray examination and radio-isotope tests, owes its development to medical electronics and vice versa.
General survey of the medical electronic apparatus for clinical diagnosis, several requests on the design of clinical laboratory and medical electronic instruments, a tentative recommendation of electronic installation in hospitals and some future prospects of the diagnostic system are described.

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When electrical activities of nerve cells are investigated with microelectrodes, it is always useful to have a device to apply currents through the microelectrode, which provides the way of analysing the membrane properties of the impaled cell and injecting ions or ionized susbstances into the cell or juxtacellular space. In connexion with this technique, problems how to neutralize the input capacitance, how to reduce the shunting effect of the resistance, which carries the current to the microelectrode, upon the input impedance, and how to monitor the current intensity and the high frequency characteristics of the input circuit are discussed, and a transistorized version of an input circuit suitable for both recording with and passing currents through a single microelectrode is described. The limitation of the use of a single microelectrode is the electrode polarization which occurs by passage of the current of more than 3×10^-9 A. Therefore, for relatively large currents, a double-barrelled microelectrode has been used, recording through one barrel and passing current through the other. With them, there occurs interference between the two barrels through the capacitance across the glass wall and the common resistance at the tip. Principles are described for different methods of compensation for the artifacts which arise from inter-barrel coupling. In addition, the methods of pulling and filling microelectrodes and of microminipulation are described as suitable for experiments on the mammalian central nervous system.

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This paper deals with the electrical characteristics of microelectrodes for measuring intracellular potentials. Assuming the constant distributed capacitance and the resistance which is inversely proportional to the square of the radius, the admittance parameters and the equivalent circuit for a microelectrode as a distributed RC element.are derived. Some comparisons are made between the theoretical and the experimental values, together with some discussions on the relationship between the electrical characteristics and the possible shape of the microelectrode as revealed by the photographs taken using ordinary and electron microscopes.

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