Experiments of the flow around circular cones normal to a flat plate were conducted using the flow visualization method. The horse shoe vortex around the circular cone was observed nearby the flat plate. On the other, the arch type vorticies existed behind the circular cones. In a detailed observation, it was shown that the secondary flow fluid motion with three-dimensionality in the vertical direction on the back face of the cones and the bevel flow on the side surface of them existed. Comparing to the experiments, results of calculation were good agreement and represented behaviors of vortex motion in the wake flow.

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A State of the art of MEMS (Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems) is described in the fluid engineering based on the survey report on the micro EFD in JSME, P-SC298. The problems of the compressibility and the boundary condition in the MEMS are introduced. The development process of the micro device in the MEMS application is also discussed. The emphasis is placed on the integrated process of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Experimental Fluid Dynamics (EFD).

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Measurements of wall shear stress streaks of a turbulent boundary layer in the channel flow were carried out using MEMS-based micro shear stress imaging chip, which contains 85 sensors. The chip is designed and fabricated by surface micromachining technology. One array of 25 micro shear stress sensors in the chip that covers a length of 7.5 mm is used to measure the instantaneous spanwise distribution of the surface shear stress. The statistics of high shear stress streaks were established. Based on the measurement, the physical quantities associated with the high shear-stress streaks, such as their length, width and peak shear-stress level, were obtained.

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This paper interprets the techniques on application of piezoelectric sensors and actuators. The fundamental equations of piezoelectric materials are first explained. As application examples the piezoelectric materials used as an actuator for high-density recording magnetic head and used as a sensor for medical diagnosis are described. Further, the piezoelectric material worked both as a sensor and an actuator is applied for monitoring and assessment of the health conditions or damage occurrence in large structures. Finally, a technique using self-sensing feedback circuit to improve the hysteresis behavior of piezoactuators is introduced.

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Flow in rectangular channels on a microchip glass was observed by using a fluorescent microscope with a CCD-video camera. We used Fluorescein as a fluorescent reagent to visualize electrophoretic phenomena and electroosmotic flow. The visualization image of the developing process of the electroosmotic flow showed the mechanisms of electroosmotic flow that ionized samples near the channel wall migrate toward an electrode and drag solvent with them. We also used SYBR Green to visualize DNA migration within a buffer solution. The DNA in the shear flow generated by pressure difference stretched along the flow direction. However, the DNA migrated by electrophoresis were compactly folded structure.

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A Micro Flow Sensor is a thermal flow sensor designed for flow meters. The sensor consists of a platinum resistive heating element and two platinum resistive sensing elements on a thermally isolated thin silicon nitride diaphragm. The diaphragm is realized on silicon substrate using silicon micro machining. The sensor can be also utilized for wall shear stress measurement. In addition to this, linear arrayed shear stress sensor for a feedback control of wall turbulence is now under evaluation. Several examples of applications are shown in this paper.

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In the process of human-beings evolution we are on the verge of the crisis that may destroy our environment fatally. We have to design and perform immediately the job that enables us to continue surviving comfortably on the earth. It is necessary to solve the issues,"what is nature?" and "what is nature of biological body?", in order to practice the job. In this lecture, system bioinformatics consisting of measurement, analysis, and interpretation of biological information systems which will solve the issues is introduced.

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A vortex core identification method based on instantaneous velocity field is outlined. A linear parameterization of velocity field within a tetrahedral cell enables us to find an analytic solution of streamline equation. Vortex core is identified as one of the streamline that passes through the centerline of a longitudinal vortex within a local tetrahedral computational cell. The formulation of the present approach is briefly described. Typical examples are also shown.

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This paper presents a 3D field topology analysis scheme to locate time-intervals of interest from a very large time-evolving volume dataset, and to design a proper color/opacity transfer functions for each of snapshot volumes belonging to the extracted time-intervals. Feasibility study of the present scheme is performed with a large scale 4D simulated dataset from atomic collision research.

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Our experimental studies on the turbulent characteristics of two-dimensional channel flows of drag-reducing surfactant solutions are described with keeping the accent on the visual studies on the coherent structures of near-wall turbulence, i.e. low-speed streaks, bursting phenomena and quasi-streamwise vortices. The hydrogen-bubble technique was widely used for the flow visualization. The results show that, with increasing drag reduction, DR, the mean spanwise streak spacing increases, the ejections become faint and the averaged ejection period increases, and the quasi-streamwise vortices diminish and the distance from the wall increases. It should be emphasized that the quasi-streamwise vortices were confirmed to be present even when DR was above 60%.

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Non-Newtonian viscosity, viscoelasticity, extensional viscosity and vortex inhibition were discussed as the anomalous phenomena of surfactant solutions. These phenomena appear to occur due to the aligned aggregate structure of threadlike micelles. The existence of the aggregate structure was indirectly confirmed from the rising behavior of a micro bubble in the pipe where the drag reduction occurs. We found out the relationship between the viscoelasticity and the maximum critical Reynolds number at which surfactant solutions lose their drag reducing ability. The vortex inhibition was shown to occur due to high viscosity for the twisting shear in the vortex stretching flow and its influence on the turbulent vortex structure was discussed.

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Utilizing drag-reducing fluid -water added with surfactant, the pumping power in thermal energy transportation can be reduced significantly. In this paper, recent movement of application study to district heating/cooling system in northern European countries and USA is shown. Outlines of the field tests in each country are reported. A summary on development of surfactant, heat transfer improvement and fluid dynamical study are also given.

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Drag reduction caused by surfactant solutions is considered to be one of the most effective ways to reduce the running cost in closed-loop district heating and cooling systems. Many researches of drag reduction have been highly developed in recent years. However, the drag reducing effect for practical air conditioning systems have not been applied widely in Japan. Several problems encountered in the application are discussed in this paper.

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To breakthrough the problems in ULSI devices, three novel etching techniques, such as (1) pulse-time-modulated plasma, (2) ultra-high frequency plasma source with a spokewise antenna, and (3) a new radical-injection-method with non-perfluorocarbon gas chemistries, have been developed. This paper reviews the role of these techniques.

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In this paper, the new structure control theory of plated film, artificial techniques to produce the microstructure of plated film and the process to make three-dimensional structure by plating technology are explained.

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ITRS gave us technical limits on 2005,i.e. Red Brick. In order to break Red Brick, new materials will be adopted in device design side. In process and tool side, wet process is now highlighted to give one of solutions to challenge on Red Brick, such as CMP, ECD etc. Wet process for new materials, ECD for super aspect ratio, CMP for super planarization, cavitation jet cleaning and air flow analysis as dryin-fry-out for contamination control and thermal release problems are shown herein. Thermal and fluid mechanics in nano meter or micron meter level would help science approach in wet revolution decade.

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