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発行日: 2002年
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中川 昭夫
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_1-1_-_1-4_
発行日: 2002年
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Variety of welfare devices have been researched and developed by universities and research institutes but only a small number of devices became commercially available and practically useful. The reason for this is that the field of welfare devices is new and its specific aspect is not understood by the researchers. The paper describes the historical background of welfare, philosophy of the identification of disability and rehabilitation and present situation of welfare industry.
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森岡 正和, 吉岡 松太郎
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_1-5_-_1-6_
発行日: 2002年
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Elderly People show remarkably different characteristics from young people due to physical function decline : push button slowly and strong, need longer time to adjust it. This paper describes the test results on movement characteristics of elderly people and young people.
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西部 邦彦, 杉谷 悟, 菅沼 直樹, 高木 昭輝
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_1-7_-_1-8_
発行日: 2002年
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The walking analyzer using image processing has been developed to assist impairment level in rehabilitation medicine for those who have difficulty in walking. This system adopts stereo image analysis and makes it possible to detect the walker's foot position. In most stereo approach, analysis is based on the detection of disparity map, because details of 3-D information can be got. But it was necessary to prepare a powerful machine with such an analysis because to compute enormous volume data. So we develop a new technique for stereo approach to solve this problem. This technique uses the geometry of occlusion, stable 3-D analysis can be realized in real time by use this algorithm.
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角田 昌也, 吉永 寛, 藤村 明輝, 津久井 知子, 山田 秀和
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_1-9_-_1-10_
発行日: 2002年
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We calculated normal stress and shear stress by using finite element method when a whole body of FE human model lies down on the two different compression hardness mattresses. Actually measured pressure values at the sacrum when patients lied down on those mattresses showed good coincidence to the calculated one. From calculation we saw that the standard bed mattress in hospital showed larger normal stress and shear stress than foam type mattress of preventing ulcers. The standard one showed more than 50mmHg pressure inside and outside of body. Especially, a large magnitude of shear stress was calculated around the sacrum.
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細川 力, 坂本 勇, 大村 勝
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_1-11_-_1-12_
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For the application of a thermosyphon to the welfare engineering, we investigate the effect of some experimental conditions on the heat transfer characteristic. Concretely, in making filling rate to be 40% and 70% using ethanol, acetone as a working fluid, the heat transfer characteristic was examined by the change of heat-input, circumference air temperature. As a result, the acetone was suitable as a working fluid, and the possibility of a thermosyphon to the practical application was shown.
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村田 辰宏, 横山 良平, 伊東 弘一
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_1-13_-_1-14_
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A robust optimal design method for multistage expansion of energy supply systems based on the relative robustness criterion is proposed so that they are robust economically against the uncertainty in energy demands which increase stepwise with construction of buildings. Equipment capacities and utility contract demands as well as energy flow rates for each expansion period are determined to minimize the maximum normalized regret or the maximum regret rate in the levelized annual total cost and satisfy all the possible energy demands for the overall planning period. This optimization problem is formulated as a kind of multilevel linear programming problem, and its solution is obtained by repeatedly evaluating upper and lower bounds for the optimal value of the maximum regret rate by means of the fractional, the bilevel, and the linear programming. Through a numerical case study on a cogeneration system, the relationship between the optimal equipment capacities and the uncertainty in energy demands or the number of years for expansion periods is clarified.
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平 俊男, 菱田 元樹
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_1-15_-_1-16_
発行日: 2002年
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On industrial shape design, human designer establishes shape based on his/her own experiments and knowledge. In order to assist this process by artificial system, it is important to consider the individual factor of each designer. In this article, we propose an interactive design assistant system and show and example of bottle design. Human designer draw bottles' profiles on the window of this system. Profile curves are evaluated by the system with objective criterion based on the conventional structural analysis and by the human designer interactively with subjective his/her preference. At the next, profile curves are represented by the chain of local curvatures, encoded to chromosomes, assigned the fitness, which are evaluated by the system and the designer, and gathered to objective-and subjective-gene-pools in terms of the genetic algorithm. At the last, two chromosomes are selected from pools and new profile curve is generated through crossover and mutation operators as a design candidate. It is considered that the proposed system is capable to suggest the design candidate reflects the subjective preferences.
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前田 康祐, 中井 善一
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_1-17_-_1-18_
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Since the surface morphology of materials can be observed with atomic-scale resolution, scanning atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful technique to study mechanisms of fatigue and fracture of solid materials. In the present study, slip-band formation and fatigue crack-initiation processes in α-brass were observed by means of AFM. The depth of the intrusion drastically increased with its outgrowth to a crack. For crack-initiation from slip-band, the intrusion depth took a critical value. That is, slip distance exceeds a critical value, slip-band changes for a crack. The critical depth was almost identical between cyclic shear stress and cyclic normal stress.
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小川 智宏, 中井 善一, 橋詰 賢士
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_1-19_-_1-20_
発行日: 2002年
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In the present study, the effect of sodium chloride concentration on corrosion fatigue strength and of a high-strength aluminum alloy, 7075-T651 were investigated. An atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used for surface analyses of specimens. Plane bending tests were conducted in 0.1% and 3% NaCl solution, the fatigue life was not affected by the concentration. From the optical microscopy, cracks were observed to be initiated from corrosion pits, while they were initiated before corrosion pits initiation when they were observed with AFM.
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箕島 弘二, 尾家 圭亮, 駒井 謙治郎
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_1-21_-_1-22_
発行日: 2002年
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In order to clarify the fracture and damage mechanism of machines and structure, in-situ observation by atomic force microscopy (AFM) is effective because AFM is capable of visualizing nanoscopic three-dimensional shapes in various environments-air, vacuum, solution and so on. In this investigation, the in-situ AFM observation system for environmentally induced damage under dynamic loading conditions has been developed. The system was applied to nanoscopic damage observations of environmentally induced cracking of a high-strength martensitic stainless steel. The in-situ nanoscopic observation of cracking process was thereby possible. These observations show that the crack tips of environmentally induced cracking, i.e. stress corrosion cracking (SCC), dynamic SCC and cyclic SCC was sharper than those of fatigue crack in dry air.
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河田 隆行, 西岡 真一, 橋本 晃久, 中井 善一
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_1-23_-_1-24_
発行日: 2002年
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To investigate the effects of environment on fatigue strength, commercially pure aluminum wires of 1mm diameter was employed for the fatigue tests. By electrolytic polishing, the minimum diameter of 0.20mm or 0.30mm was employed. The frequency of the cyclic force was 50 Hz with the stress ratio of 0.1. It was found that the variations in fatigue life at the same stress amplitude were large, and the effect of the diameter on fatigue life was not observed. There were two types of fracture morphology in both distilled water and 3%NaCl aqueous solution.
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橋本 晃久, 野崎 聡, 中井 善一
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_1-25_-_1-26_
発行日: 2002年
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Fatigue test system with electrolytic-polishing apparatus was developed to study the mechanism and damage in fatigue in metallic micro-materials. Fatigue tests were conducted after manufacturing small cross-sectional specimens by the electrolytic-polishing apparatus. And electric potential changes of specimen were investigated during fatigue tests. In both materials, variations of fatigue lives were very large compared with conventional size specimens. Two types of fracture morphologies were observed. A.C. potential method was applied to clarify the fatigue mechanisms and monitoring fatigue damage in micro-materials. For iron, the value of potential were almost constant during fatigue process except for just before final fracture, while they continuously increased up to final unstable fracture in aluminum.
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箕島 弘二, 田中 和人, 坂本 朝和, 駒井 謙治郎
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_1-27_-_1-28_
発行日: 2002年
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To evaluate the mechanical properties of microelements made of semi-austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel, SUS631,tensile and tension-tension fatigue tests were conducted in laboratory air. Specimens were manufactured using a high precision electrical discharge machining. R_<max> of the finished machining surface was 1∿2 μm. The tensile strength of transverse specimens was larger than that of longitudinal ones. However no influence of rolling direction on fatigue strength was observed. Some inclusions were observed on the fracture surface, and the fatigue crack initiated there.
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磯野 吉正, 生津 資大, 寺山 暢之, 田中 武司
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_1-29_-_1-30_
発行日: 2002年
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This paper describes mechanical properties of Diamond-like Carbon (DLC) films for the protection of MEMS against their friction and wear. The compact tensile tester operated in atomic force microscope was developed in this research to evaluate Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and fracture strength of DLC films. The DLC films with thickness of 0.2 and 0.3 μm were deposited on 20 μm-thick single crystal silicon specimens by Plasma-enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PE-CVD) method of the hot cathode Penning Ionization Gauge (PIG) discharge type. The AFM tensile test and nano-indentation test were revealed that Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the DLC films ranged from 99 GPa to 112 GPa, and from 0.36 to 0.46,respectively.
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高島 和希, 肥後 矢吉
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_1-31_-_1-32_
発行日: 2002年
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The evaluation of fracture toughness of micromaterials is extremely important to ensure reliability of microelements used in MEMS devices and micro-sized machines. In this investigation, fracture tests have been carried out on micro-sized specimens prepared from a Ni-P amorphous alloy thin film and its fracture behavior has been investigated. Cantilever beam type specimens with dimensions of 10 x 10 x 50 μm^3 were prepared by focused ion beam machining and notches with different directions, which are perpendicular and parallel to the deposition growth direction of the amorphous film, were introduced. Fatigue pre-cracks were also introduced ahead of the notches. Fracture behavior was different between the two types of specimens. The fracture toughness value of the specimen with the crack propagation direction being parallel to the deposition growth direction was higher than that with the crack propagation direction perpendicular to the deposition growth direction.
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大前 伸夫
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_1-33_-_1-37_
発行日: 2002年
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Recent advances in the studies of surfaces and interfaces are overviewed with use of analytical surface tools. This paper starts with pointing out the difference in the structure of solid surfaces from that of bulk structure, and some of the analytical instruments that detect surface properties are reviewed. Scanning probe microscopy is increasingly used in the studies of surfaces. The influence of electrostatic forces on non-contact atomic force microscopy also is discussed. Carbon nanotubes and carbon onions, as observed by high resolutions transmission electron microscopy are shown, both of which may lead to application of nanotechnology. Finally, the effect of adsorbed water on solid surfaces, an impediment to surface studies, is discussed.
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永原 直哉, 小山 敦弘, 渋谷 陽二
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_1-39_-_1-40_
発行日: 2002年
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Relation of microhardness to the indentation depth has been experimentally investigated for two single crystalline materials of silicon and aluminum. For the case of silicon, the microhardness is strongly affected by phase transition and dislocation emission. The indent-induced phase transition gets over to the diamond structure with the different crystallographic orientation from the bulk after unloading. Increase of microhardness at the depth less than about 1.5μm is observed at the case of aluminum. It is found that onset of the increase is dependent on the surface roughness and surface work-hardening.
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仲町 英治, 山本 英毅, 槌谷 和義
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_1-41_-_1-42_
発行日: 2002年
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The purpose of this research is to develop the more compact human blood sampling system applied a micro-needle whose external diameter is less than 100 μm for a medical device of the Bio-MEM. The design concept of the prototype is the biomimetic micro-machine of female mosquito's blood sampling mechanism and the performance of the main mechanical elements are tested. Indentation force of the micro-needle whose head has grinded by a super fine grinding film, indentation stroke of the linear to-and-fro motion device using a shape memory (SMA) spring and fluid sampling ability of the micro-pump using a piezoelectric micro-actuator were measured.
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屋代 如月, 内藤 正登, 冨田 佳宏
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_1-43_-_1-44_
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高橋 博紀, 神谷 庄司, 坂 真澄, 阿部 博之
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_1-45_-_1-46_
発行日: 2002年
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This paper reports the toughness of CVD diamond films in connection to their nanoscopic crystalline structures. We examined the toughness of diamond films deposited on silicon wafers with various methane concentrations in the source gas mixture. The crack paths and crystalline morphologies of deposited diamond were observed in detail by using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Discussion would be focused on the correlation between the crack extension resistance and crystalline morphologies of diamond films.
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発行日: 2002年
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久角 喜徳
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_2-1_-_2-8_
発行日: 2002年
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Studies are underway to develop technologies for improving the output and efficiency of the gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) by means of the cold energy of liquefied natural gas (LNG). This paper discusses the present situation of LNG power generation in Japan and the evaluation of the efficiency of intake cooling GTCC, MGT and SOFC/GT as well as the result of the development of cooling air to -100℃ or below with the test unit.
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折田 寛彦
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_2-9_-_2-10_
発行日: 2002年
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The municipal refuse is coming to one of the newly developed power sources. There are two important precautions to utilize its energy. One is to minimize harmful matter emission, and another is to protect boiler tube from high temperature corrosion. (In order to increase a power generation efficiency, steam condition and steam cycle must be selected appropriately.) This paper describes the current technologies adopted as countermeasures for the precautions.
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澤井 正和, 藤井 健一, 櫻井 玉貴, 楠田 浩雅
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_2-11_-_2-12_
発行日: 2002年
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This paper describes production and utilization of activated charcoal from sewage sludge. Sewage sludge was dried aerodynamically by hot steam. Dried sludge particle was fed into a carbonization tube to yield activated charcoal. Produced charcoal was sprayed into flue gas of municipal waste incinerator to decrease hazardous dioxins from chimney. Proposed system is useful to reduce emissions and energy resources.
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鈴木 富雄, 斉藤 彰, 伴 浩之
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_2-13_-_2-14_
発行日: 2002年
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Recently, many countermeasures for reduction of the sewage sludge are developing. We introduce the new system including the thermall hydrolysis process as one of above countermeasures
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杉本 勝美, 山下 智也, 藤井 照重
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_2-15_-_2-16_
発行日: 2002年
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Recently, co-generation systems became to be used widespread. However, various kinds of factors such as operational conditions and operation & maintenance cost exist. In this study, the appraisal method of exergy cost minimization for a gas turbine co-generation system is introduced by evaluating the cost for the exergy loss. As the result, if the turbine inlet temperature is increasing, the cost concerning exergy irreversible loss is decreasing. However, the optimum value exists for the exergy cost. The optimum temperature was 1150℃ in the estimation of these values.
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上川 雅章, 細川 力, 川島 陽介
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_2-17_-_2-18_
発行日: 2002年
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The authors installed the power generator in the adiabatic section of a thermosyphon, and examined possibility of power generation and heat transfer characteristic of the thermosyphon. Both of evaporator and condenser sections were made of a copper tube with d_<in>=75mm, d_<out>=85mm. Length of these sections were 600mm respectively. Adiabatic section was made of an acrylic tube. A turbine and a nozzle were set in it. The water was used as working fluid. As a result, we confirmed output (μW) of the electric power and heat transport rate of about 70∿90% for this apparatus were obtained with some parameters; heater input and heat load at the condenser section.
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劉 秋生, 矢部 彰, 竹村 文男, 梶山 士郎, 福田 勝哉
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_2-19_-_2-20_
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2017/06/19
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In this paper, the study on thermal energy transport system by synthesis and decomposition reactions of methanol was reviewed. To promote energy conservation and global environment protection, a two-step liquid-phase methanol synthesis process, which starts with carbonylation of methanol to methyl formate, then followed by the hydrogenolysis of the formate, was studied to recover wasted or unused discharged heat from industrial sources for the thermal energy demands of residential and commercial areas by chemical reactions. The research and development of the system were focused on the following three points. (1) Development of low-temperature decomposition and synthetic catalysis, (2) Development of liquid phase reactor (heat exchanger accompanying chemical reaction), (3) Simulation of the energy transport efficiency of entire system which contains heat recovery and supply sections.
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荻 博次, 平尾 雅彦, 南 善清, 青木 伸次
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_2-21_-_2-26_
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2017/06/19
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This study is devoted to contactless monitoring of attenuation and nonlinearity of the surface-shear wave during rotating bending fatigue of carbon steels for predicting the remaining life. The attenuation showed a sharp peak at 85pct of the total life. The nonlinearity showed two peaks at 60 and 85pct of the total life. These peaks appeared at fixed fractions of lifetime, being independent of the bending stress (0.49-1.20 of the yield stresses) and the carbon content (0.22-0.45mass%). We attribute the earlier nonlinearity peak to the crack nucleation and growth; and the attenuation peak and the later nonlinearity peak to an increase of free dislocations associated with crack extension in the final stage. Microstructure observations with TEM, surface crack study with replicas, and the acoustic measurements show that a large-scale change occurs in the dislocation structure (persistent slip bands to cells) at the attenuation peak and that it is triggered by the inward growth of cracks. This change completes in a short time, a few percent of the total lifetime. The acoustic-resonance technique can be an important means for the exact prediction of the remaining life of fatigued steels.
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向井 一弘, 今中 拓一
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_2-27_-_2-28_
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2017/06/19
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The ultrasonic attenuation change during both elastic and plastic deformation was measured simultaneously in copper single crystal. The frequency dependence of attenuation was also measured at the various steps of the plastic deformation. The measurement results were analyzed through the Granato-Lucke theory and dislocation parameters were calculated. On the other hand the applicability of the Granato-Lucke string model to BCC metal is not obvious. In this study the measurement of the change in the ultrasonic attenuation and its frequency dependence was performed in Si-Fe single crystals in the same way as copper single crystal. The obtained results were analyzed through kink model which has the potential applicability to BCC metal. The applicability of string model to BCC metal was examined. The calculation results obtained by string model coincided with those of kink model. From these discussions the applicability of string model to Si-Fe single crystal of BCC metal was confirmed.
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元屋敷 靖子, 菅田 淳, 植松 美彦, 城野 政弘
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_2-29_-_2-30_
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2017/06/19
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Stress distribution and dislocation movements around a fatigue crack tip are analyzed by means of discrete dislocation dynamics (DDD). In this study, the 2-dimensional model taking into account the crack propagation is suggested in order to investigate the effect of crack growth on the dislocation behavior and the stress field near the crack tip. A lot of dislocations are distributed in the crack wake after several cycles as a result of the crack growth. The compressive stress in the vicinity of the crack tip during unloading is produced by the reaction force of the dislocations left in the crack wake and the positive dislocations which are piled up ahead in slip lines. The dislocation behavior and crack closure phenomenon near the growing fatigue crack tip can be simulated by the model suggested in the present study.
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辻 寛治, 森田 辰郎, 齋藤 憲司
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_2-31_-_2-32_
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2017/06/19
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This study was conducted to clarify the relation between the number of fatigue cycles and the magnitude of the slip step formed at the surface. For this purpose, the behavior of discreat edge dislocations near the free surface was investigeted through the simulation based on the dislocation dynamics method. The stresses acting on the dislocations were obtained strictly by introducing appropriate image dislocations and its distributions to satisfy the condition of the surface.
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吉田 政司, 浅野 鉄夫, 平山 博巳, 白井 泰治
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_2-33_-_2-34_
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2017/06/19
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Positron annihilation lifetime was measured in order to evaluate a low cycle fatigue damage on iron specimens. Fatigue tests were performed with strain amplitude of 1.2%. The number of cycles to failure (fatigue life; Nf) was 1460. The positron lifetime of the specimen before fatigue test was 105ps, which increases with fatigue up to 142ps of the sample with cycle ratio N/Nf of 74%. It was shown that the positron lifetime measurements was effective to evaluate the fatigue stored in iron.
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脇 裕之, 西川 出, 小倉 敬二
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_2-35_-_2-36_
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2017/06/19
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Fatigue tests were conducted at both 893K and room temperature for ZrO_2-8Y_2O_3-sprayed and Al_2O_3-sprayed type 304 stainless steels. Surface Crack Opening Displacement (COD) was measured using a digital image correlation method during the fatigue test to examine the fatigue process. In case of a ZrO_2-8Y_2O_3-sprayed specimen, the crack penetrated into a substrate through a bond-coating layer, while in case of an Al_2O_3-sprayed specimen, the crack retained at the interface between the bond-coating and the substrate and another crack which initiated at the delaminated interface penetrate into the substrate. The fatigue life of an Al_2O_3-sprayed specimen was longer than that of a ZrO_2-8Y_2O_3-sprayed specimen. The fatigue strength was obviously improved using a Low Pressure Plasma Sprayed (LPPS) bond-coating instead of a Atomospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) bond-coating. It was concluded that the improvement of fatigue life was caused by the restriction of a crack initiation into the substrate due to the LPPS bond-coating with a relatively higher strength.
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西川 出, 小倉 敬二, 國松 真也, 西 啓佑
原稿種別: 本文
p.
_2-37_-_2-38_
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2017/06/19
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Distribution of COD in Silicon Nitride was measured at room temperature using Digital Image Correlation Method after cyclic bending fatigue tests. The cyclic fatigue tests with moving crack and stationary crack were performed under stress radios R=0.1,and -1 at room temperature and 1273K. From the experimental results, the stress shielding effect under cyclic loading was discussed quantitatively. The stress shielding effect after the test at 1273K was more significant than that at room temperature under any stress ratio. Though the stress shielding effect under R=-1 was stronger than that under R=0.1 at room temperature, results obtained after the test at 1273K were found to be quite different.
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塩澤 大輝, 久保 司郎, 阪上 隆英, 岡崎 俊介
原稿種別: 本文
p.
_2-39_-_2-40_
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2017/06/19
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When a piezoelectric film is glued on the surface of a cracked material subjected to load, change in distribution of electric potential is observed on the surface of piezoelectric film. Based on this phenomenon, the passive electric potential CT (computed tomography) method was developed for identifying two- and three-dimensional cracks. In this study, this method was experimentally applied to identify three-dimensional crack opening on the back surface. Electric potential distribution on the piezoelectric film mounted on the front surface was measured by non-contact voltmeter. Measured electric potential distribution agreed well with that calculated by FEM. The inverse method based on the least residual method was applied for estimating the location and size of crack from measured electric potential distribution. It was shown that the passive electric potential CT method using piezoelectric film was useful for quantitative identification for back-surface three-dimensional crack.
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藤浪 康行, 阪上 隆英, 久保 司郎, 小島 陽介
原稿種別: 本文
p.
_2-41_-_2-42_
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2017/06/19
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This paper describes an experimental study on stress separation from thermoelasticity and photoelasticity measurements and its application to estimation of stress intensity factor and J-integral. Thermoelastic stress analysis (TSA) and photoelastic stress analysis (PSA) have been developed as full-field visualization methods of stress distribution. Only the sum of principal stresses can be measured by TSA, while only the difference of principal stresses can be measured by PSA. In this study, the hybrid stress separation measurement technique using both of these methods developed by the present authors was applied for determining distribution of stress components in a center-cracked plate subjected to mechanical load. Stress intensity factor and J-integral was calculated from the stress distribution. It was found that these fracture mechanics parameters can be evaluated with good accuracies by the present technique.
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江淵 高弘, 向井 一弘, 吉荒 俊克
原稿種別: 本文
p.
_2-43_-_2-44_
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2017/06/19
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The forced vibration fatigue test was performed with the specimen of socket welded joint for the purpose of developing the evaluation method of the state of fatigue progressing of the socket welded joint which has possibility of occurrence of damage due to the vibration fatigue during plant operation. We found that the increasing of strength of the 3rd higher harmonics reflects the progression of the cracking due to fatigue.
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大塚 尚武, 進藤 康則, 夏目 好隆
原稿種別: 本文
p.
_2-45_-_2-46_
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2017/06/19
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In the study super-high cycle fatigue test in cantilever type rotating bending was conducted on SUJ2 bearing steels in air at room temperature. The fracture surfaces were analyzed to reconstruct the failure process by FRASTA technique for specimens by subsurface inner failure. It was found that fatigue crack was initiated at the inside of a fish-eye. At around the center of the fish-eye, inclusion or fine granular area was observed by the analysis.
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菅田 淳, 城野 政弘, 植松 美彦, 広瀬 憲志
原稿種別: 本文
p.
_2-47_-_2-48_
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2017/06/19
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Fatigue crack growth test under constant amplitude loading was carried out on α-brass. Successive observation of small fatigue crack growth behavior was performed by means of an atomic force microscope (AFM) equipped with small in-plane bending fatigue testing machine. Crack deflection and crack branching were observed frequently. They were resulted from the constraint of slip deformation due to strain hardening. Those intervals were found to be affected by the difference of mobility between slip systems and cross slip.
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藪内 愛智, 西川 出, 小倉 敬二, 村上 紘一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
_2-49_-_2-50_
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2017/06/19
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The fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior under cyclic loading in TiAl intermetallic and Ti-6Al-4V alloy was investigated at elevated temperature. Crack opening displacement (COD) was measured by using the Laser speckle strain/displacement gage (SSDG) during the fatigue tests. It was found that the FCG rate in TiAl intermetallic at 800℃ was controlled by the effective stress intensity factor range ⊿K_<eff>, while the HCG rate in Ti-6Al-4V alloy above 500℃ was controlled by the maximum stress intensity factor K_<max> as well as ⊿K_<eff>. It was also found that thresholds ⊿K_<eff, th> in TiAl intermetallic at 800℃ were higher than those in Ti-6Al-4V alloy above 500℃
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p.
App5-
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2017/06/19
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廣垣 俊樹, 中川 平三郎, 小堀 由高, 垣野 義昭, 喜田 義宏
原稿種別: 本文
p.
_3-1_-_3-2_
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2017/06/19
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This study deals with quenching and tempering using a YAG laser with a machining center. First, the occurrence of partial hardness decrease was confirmed after overlap laser quenching. Second, it could be seen that the oxide film on workpiece surface effected on the laser absorption in tempering. As a result, it is clear that laser tempering considering laser absorption variation also makes it possible to be constant hardness after overlap laser quenching.
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川上 浩樹, 藤田 武良, 中原 住雄, 久田 重善
原稿種別: 本文
p.
_3-3_-_3-4_
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2017/06/19
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On YAG laser and diode laser soldering, the solderability of eutectic solder alloy (63Sn/37Pb) and lead-free solder alloy (Sn-Ag-Cu) paste were examined. Observational tests were performed in order to determine the limits of processing parameter; laser power density, and irradiation time adequate to soldering. In these better conditions, temperatures of solder joints have been investigated using thermocouple during laser irradiation. Joint strength tests were conducted on coating thickness of 0.2,0.3,0.4mm of solder paste, which it is important to study the effect of changes before and after thermal shock cycle by gas phase method. As a result, the lead-free solder alloy enables to substitute for Sn-Pb alloy in laser soldering. Diode laser is more adaptable for lead-free solder alloy than YAG laser.
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社本 英二, 影山 和宏, 森脇 俊道
原稿種別: 本文
p.
_3-5_-_3-6_
発行日: 2002年
公開日: 2017/06/19
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An analytical model is constructed to obtain stability lobes in end milling with irregular pitch cutters, and the reason why the regenerative effect is canceled by the irregularity is clarified. Furthermore, a simple method to optimize the pitch angles is proposed in the present research. It has been known that the regenerative chatter vibration is suppressed with the irregular pitch cutters, but the suppression mechanism has not been well understood. This mechanism is clarified here by assuming that the chatter vibration does not grow or damp in one rotation of the cutter, i. e. the process is understood by averaging the exciting chip load in one rotation. Based on this understanding of the suppression process, a new method is developed to obtain optimum pitch angles with which the regenerative effect can be cancelled out. The developed model and the proposed method are verified experimentally in the present report.
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