The stress intensity factor of a branched crack formed in a glass plate caused by thermal stress was investigated using the method of caustics in this study. The results show that the caustic shadow pattern is mode I and that the stress intensity factor increases with the crack length under static loading conditions. The caustic shadow pattern of a branched notch is mixed mode, and the stress intensity factor increases as the crack angle increased.

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According to the statistics published by Japan Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry, accidents that occurred in food stuff manufacturing is the highest in manufacturing industries. In this research, we focus on the finger crushing/entanglement accidents in the foodstuff manufacturing. There are two main causes of this accident; First, workers do not have chance to learn about hazard related to food machine. Second, crushed force that acting on the finger still not have quantitative evaluation. Therefore, a numerical index that can be use in field of machine design and worker's education is necessary. A finger tester for measuring the acting force on finger is need for quantitative evaluation. The finger tester is used to measure applied force at accident position of food machine as quantitative evaluation process. In developing the finger tester, prototype tester capable of measuring the acting force from omnidirectional, and performs influence investigation of the action force by the filling fluid and the material of the site of action. The objective of this research is to increase the worker's understanding about the hazard and to reduce the finger crushing/entanglement accident. In this study, assuming the finger crushing/entanglement accidents , it was investigated the effects of the action force due to the kinematic viscosity of the fluid and hardness of the tube.

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A broadband ultrasonic wave propagation system using macro fiber composites was developed. A structural health monitoring technique using the broadband ultrasonic wave propagation system was proposed to detect various damages with thickness changes of structural members such as corrosion wastages in piping structures, debondings in carbon fiber reinforced plastic bonding structures, and so on. In the technique, the damages were detected by received Lamb waves propagated through the damages. In this study, damage detection tests using stainless plates were carried out. Through the tests, the feasibility of the structural health monitoring technique by using Lamb waves propagation was demonstrated.

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The crimper terminal joint seems to be possibility to rupture easily in the Japanese factory. When the crimper terminal is ruptured, the factory may cause power failure and disaster. Therefore improvement of safety of the crimper terminal joint is important subject. The rerated standard on crimp connection method is surveyed. This is because, crimp connection method is indicated by JIS C 2805 in Japan. We also surveyed and compared with IEC 60947-1. The mechanical properties experiment is carried out according to the IEC standard. This is because, JIS focuses only on terminals and abroad that focuses on the terminal and the terminal block. The experiments are carried out according by JIS and IEC on crimping terminal, crimping tools and conductors. After that, difference is checked. As a result, we consider to improvement of safety of the crimper terminal.

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In recent years, fatal traffic accidents are expected to decrease by driver assistance system. PCS(Pre-Crash Safety system) that has been put into practical use in car is a typical example of the system. It is however intended to ensure probabilistic safety depending on the computer. Recent real risk-based safety may demand that the concept of intrinsically safe design should be also applied to the car safety. If you have in the face of danger that can't be avoided immediately, the accident must be prevented by stopping the system. The critical interlock is the ultimate emergency stop control triggered by human to protect him from the fatal damage of accident. As decisive safety means in case of facing accidents involving fatal damage, in this study, critical interlock is logically examined, and a mechanism for stopping the automobile inertia is studied on the base of critical safe control for compensating against fault in mechanical controled emergency stop operation.

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Airplane in contemporary typical transport means, especially in Japan has become indispensable on going to the abroad. Although modern airplane is said as safety, it is evaluated by the accident rate in standard. And accident rates, which are evaluated, do not have been clearly demonstrated. It is also said to be not safe there because the airplane can't stop in general. Therefore, it is use the phrase that the airplane has to avoid the accident. Almost airplane that fly in usual is automated, big difference is not there exists a different elements between Boeing and Airbus steering design in the process up to the crash. It is the presence or absence of the concept of the trim. It is the differences that we entrust either human or machine (, but not both) the way of crisis avoidance in flight envelope. So I announce the importance and future of the usability of the concept of trim.

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In the production line, introducing the concept of "stop safe" in order to prevent serious accidents is a first need to employ a suitable method. Consequently, "the machine has stopped, isolated is canceled" method that is adopted. By introducing a stop safety, until now it is possible to reduce the cost by the safety which has acceptable reluctantly, consequently, this is a great merit in the form of improved operating rate. Also, stop safety to be introduced, in accordance with the concept of "strict liability", the generation itself of the accident is not acceptable, must be carried out thoroughly measures before an accident occurs. That is, in the production line, stop safely be introduced, not only problems Advantages Disadvantages, introducing a matter of course at that stop safely in the production line from the concept of strict liability is worker safety and it improves the even to result in productivity bring great benefits.

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Bolt tightening is widely applied to the fastening of mechanical and structural elements. However, as various external forces act on machines and structures, fastened elements are displaced mutually and relatively, which loosens tightened bolts as the time passes. Prior occurrences indicate that bolt looseness like this has often incurred serious accidents. To counter the problem, the authors experimentally made a special washer that enlarged the displacement caused by a minimal looseness of tightened bolts by applying the principle of leverage to such an extent that the displacement can be visualized. The special washer, which displaces in accordance with the law of gravity as the looseness occurs, can construct the definite safety confirmation type.

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The safety system, the construction of which is based on the principle of safety (confirmation), permits the machine to start operation when it confirms that the "conditions of safety confirmation" have been met. However, it should be avoided that the machine stops operation automatically when the safety system fails to confirm the meeting of the conditions of safety confirmation. Similarly, it should also be avoided that the machine starts operation before the safety system confirms the meeting of the conditions of safety confirmation. Accordingly, such control is required that can set the conditions of safety confirmation based on the relevant information and operational performance. In 2013, the authors proposed a fail-safe interlock system for pneumatically driven systems. This interlock system, designed to realize safe failure, is equipped with a sensor as a pressure monitoring system utilizing window characteristics, a window comparator, and a shutoff valve having non-symmetrical failure mode characteristics. In this paper, referring to a pneumatically driven system as an example, the authors study regulatory control that can set the conditions of safety confirmation for pressure control by making the most of the relevant information and operational performance with the interlock system of their proposition used as a stopping mechanism and a monitoring function.

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Gas-shear-thinning liquid two-phase flows in a two-dimensional rectangular channel are numerically simulated. Shear-thinning liquid is modeled by the Carreau model, and the deforming boundary separating the gas and the liquid is numerically modeled using Efficient Least Squares VOF Interface Reconstruction Algorithm (ELVIRA). It is shown that the flow patterns of gas-shear-thinning liquid two-phase flow are greatly influenced by the local change in the viscosity. In the case of gas-shear-thinning liquid two-phase flow, it is difficult to predict the flow patterns in the rectangular channel. From a practical standpoint, design, operation and scale-up processes are discussed for gas-shear-thinning liquid two-phase flow system.

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Many investigations have been conducted on solid-liquid mixing. The main characteristic investigated is the just complete suspension speed N_<JS>, but there are only few researches on N_<JS> in highly viscous Newtonian liquid. In this work, we investigated that difference of value solid-particle suspension in laminar flow and turbulent flow by measured the just complete suspension speed N_<JS> in highly viscous of Newtonian liquid and experimental values measured were compared with those calculated according to the correlation proposed by Zwietering We proposed a new theoretical model for the determination of N_<JS> in laminar flow to examine the trend of experimental values laminar flow which is clearly different to the turbulent trend. Our model for N_<JS> in laminar flow region basically agrees well with experimental date.

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To develop an enhanced form of apparatus for operations in chemical processes, an unbaffled vessel was constructed, fitted with an agitator employing an impeller whose rotation alternates unsteadily the direction at set range and rate, i.e., a forward-reverse rotating impeller. For this type of agitation vessel when the disk turbine impeller with six flat blades was used, liquid flow in the impeller rotational region was examined for the flow path between the neighboring blades of the rotating impeller. Internal flow of the impeller was compared with those of the unidirectionally rotating impeller of identical design in the baffled and unbaffled vessels. The results suggested that forward-reverse rotation of the impeller could have a function of the baffles. Additionally, it was found that the forward-reverse rotating impeller produced a characteristic disturbed liquid flow. Energy consideration provided a perception helpful for improvement of the unbaffled vessel agitated by the forward-reverse rotating impeller.

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Taylor vortex flow with a small aspect ratio has characteristics such as the different vortex structure, because of the Ekman effect in the top and bottom boundary layers and the acceleration of the inner cylinder. This feature is expected to develop a new typed mixing bioreactor system, but this vortex flow mechanism like a chaotic flow has not been investigated much. An ultrasound measurement method is the one of useful device for observation of such kind flows. In this report we mainly analyzed the process of transition to turbulent flow in higher Reynolds number by using the ultrasound measurement system.

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Taylor-Couette Flow can expect the application to the chemical reactor that the security of the chemical process planned becoming it using a characteristic to stir the system uniformly. This study is aimed for analysis of the speed ground of Taylor-Couette Flow. The analytical technique is experiment analysis using the ultrasound velocity profiler and numerical analysis using the numerical simulation. However, the result that is different from a value expected that an unknown element increases for result of a measurement theoretically may be provided when we use a cheap device. Therefore we derived calibration coefficient for speed velocity profile by a measurement and corrected the data including the experimental error. The data of Re=65Q and 1200 which obtained by two times of experiments, we derived calibration coefficient from one data and corrected other experimental data. As a result, it became the data which revised an experimental error.

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Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was found to be a reliable retardant of steam explosions. In order to investigate the effects of molecular weight of PEG, concentration and salt additives on the controllability of steam explosions, experiments were conducted for tin drops immersed in a solution pool. Steam explosion was suppressed with a 0.03 wt% PEG solution for molecular weight of 4 million. This is because the cloudy-point phenomenon stabilizes vapor film and prevents the solution from mixing finely by the precipitated solute near the steam-water interface. The molecular weight must be selected in reference to the cloudy-point temperature to be lower than saturation temperature by a certain degrees at the target pressure. Steam explosion may occur in a PEG solution by adding 1 wt% of sodium chloride, because such salts act as steam explosion promoter and reduce the cloudy-point temperature significantly.

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When temperature suddenly changes an ablator material inside, a predicted in-depth temperature using the thermal conductivity that measured in the steady state, it does not accord it to measured value strictly. One of these reasons is because an input energy to a material is spent by the conductive heat transfer, the increase of the internal energy and the work of the thermodynamics. After heating an ablator of specific weight approximately 0.3, a temperature rise of an early period of heating was slow. This means a possibility that an energy input was spent by these. An accurate prediction of the in-depth temperature is important to a thickness design of ablator. This manuscript shows a necessity of a manifestation of the process of the input energy expenditure

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In case of the high-speed flight within the atmosphere, the orbital and suborbital spacecrafts suffer great aerodynamic heating. Using an efficient thermal protection system (TPS) is important for maintaining the structural integrity, but also for preserving the payload and onboard devices. The ablative materials are commonly used as thermal shield to protect the spacecraft during reentry. A new lightweight CFRP called the lightweight ablator series for transfer vehicle systems (LATS) was developed in Japan. The new lightweight CFRP is made of a carbon fiber felt and resin with a manufacturing method different from that of PICA, which was developed by NASA. In the present paper, the experimental results from the high enthalpy heating tests performed at JAXA, Sagamihara campus are compared with the numerical results, obtained using an ablation code developed at Ryukyus University, Japan. The comparison will provide a better understanding regarding the accuracy of the ablation code and the results confirm that the CFRP-based Ablator LATS behaves well when heated in a high-enthalpy flow.

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Small satellites made by universities and small private companies are getting main streams in Japanese and global space developments. Some universities in Japan now have excellent potential and actually realized many fruitful outcome. Meanwhile reentry vehicles in Japan are not vigorous as before ceasing HOPE-X project. Researchers for heat resistant materials have little chances to experience flight demonstrating. Japan can conduct such flight demonstration as test beds with small satellites. Scan Tuttle in UNSW in Australia and Kei-ichi Okuyama have the same idea and now we started corroborative activities for small satellite and reentry vehicles, as well as sample return probe as a university-led activity. We first put the mission object on the lunar return probe which is eventually recovered on ground in the extensive land of Woomera in central Australia.

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Landing shock absorption by crushable structure is advantageous for compact parachute-less capsules or planetary probes to carry out planetary landing at the final phase of the long term missions, where higher reliability is required for the slow-descent subsystem. The present paper has introduced landing approaches enhanced by use of the crushable structure and the research and development work on the crushable cellar-structured-metal are described aiming for the usage in the capsule with about 40 m/s landing velocity. The requirements for the crushable material is clarified from the standpoint of the plateau stress and the maximum strain.

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A reentry flight experiment of a new type reentry vehicle was carried out using JAXA S-310-41 sounding rocket. The vehicle was equipped a thin membrane aeroshell deployed by an inflatable torus structure and demonstrated deceleration at high altitude. Before the flight experiment, a wind tunnel test was conducted to obtain aerodynamic characteristics. It was found that drag coefficient data measured in the flight experiment and wind tunnel test shows different tendency in transonic region. In the present study, flow field simulations around the wind tunnel model focused on sting effect were conducted. In the flow field simulations, the drag coefficient of wind tunnel test and calculation showed good agreement, and it was clarified that major reason of drag coefficient difference is existence of sting. It is difficult to obtain drag coefficient of inflatable reentry vehicle without sting using wind tunnel in transonic region. It is useful to use numerical method.

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A de-orbiting system for small satellites which consists of self-deployable tri-axis CFRP boom with skew/spiral fold membrane wrapped around a single hub, has been proposed. The scaled model with 1.4m × 1.4m deployable membrane was demonstrated to investigate the storability and deplorability, and also the deployment properties. This paper describes the current state of development the boom-membrane deployable structure for de-orbiting satellites and its deployment properties.

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Temperature measurements on flexible test model in hypersonic flow were performed. Temperature Sensitive Paint (TSP) that includes two kinds of dye was employed as a temperature sensor which is able to measure temperature distribution on flexible and deforming surface during wind tunnel operation. To detect the emission which is emitted from those respective dyes, an optical system which can distinguish two deferent wave length zones was installed. As results, temperature distribution on flexible surface that is deformed due to wind tunnel operation was obtained by using new TSP measurement system

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Supersonic parachute are investigated in supersonic wind tunnel. A new type of device for the model support is employed to reduce the aerodynamic interference to the parachute model and compared with typical strut support. There are three types of parachutes which differences are canopy fabric types and trailing distance x/d: Case A is made from nylon fabric and x/d=10; Case B is made from nylon fabric and x/d=5; and Case C is made from elastic polyester fabric and x/d=10. In this research, the elastic polyester has high flexibility than nylon and Case A is treated as the reference case. As a result, the motion of Case C parachute with high flexibility has 35% lower peak frequency and 17% lower amplitude of oscillation than reference case A. Case A has 42% lower peak frequency than pendulum oscillation model because of the external force caused by pressure of outside canopy increasing due to shock/shock interaction between oblique shock wave and bow shock from canopy edge. Comparing Case A (wire support) with strut support, double pendulum oscillation occurs in Case A because constraint condition is unclear at parachute connecting part.

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One of the technologies to make the future planetary exploration more flexible and valuable is a vehicle which can fly freely in the Martian atmosphere. Our group proposes a parafoil-type vehicle which has a flexible and inflatable wing. The parafoil can be packed compactly when a launch and cruising phase and can be deployed to a large aerodynamic device only when necessary, that is, flight in atmosphere. In previous study, we developed two type parafoils that are called heavy-type closed-canopy parafoil or right-type closed-canopy parafoil. The feature of these parafoil can be actively-deployed whenever we needed. However, these parafoil is too small lift-to-drag and to need too much gas volume to use the mars exploration. Therefore, in this study, we developed new-type parafoil which was reduced its gas volume to need to deploy it. That parafoil was obtained aerodynamic characteristics in wind tunnel test at the Jaxa 6.5m × 5.5m low speed wind tunnel. Moreover, the gas volume to need deployed it was investigated from deployment test.

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A short cylinder with its length to diameter ratio of 2 is tested in a low-speed wind tunnel. Three models are prepared, which differ in the positions of the rotational center, 0%, 5% and 10% oifthe geometrical center. The tested Reynolds numbers are in a range of 6.7×10^4〜1.3×10^5, which are lower than the critical ones for a two dimensional cylinder. The model is attached to the 3-DOF rotatable support which allows the model to rotate about pitch, yaw and roll axes. All the models not only exhibit flat-spin motions but also fluctuate about the pitch and yaw axes as well. The flow visualization is applied by the tufts over the cylindrical surfaces, and it is found that the three dimensional flow directing to the sides induces the asymmetry.

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A visualization experiment of hypersonic boundary layer transition by Temperature-Sensitive Paint (TSP) was performed. The test facility was High-Enthalpy Shock Tunnel (HIEST) at Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Kakuda Space Center. An elliptic cone model with a 2:1 aspect ratio, which is a full-scale model of HIFiRE-5, was used as the test model. This study visualized the hypersonic boundary layer transition on the side of the test model. TSP was excited by a Blue-LED and the luminescence from TSP was detected by a high-speed camera. Temperature distribution on the side of the test model was obtained by TSP. Moreover, boundary layer transition along the centerline of the model and in approximately halfway between the centerline and leading edge were visualized. The trend of temperature rise along the centerline is same in TSP and thermocouples, which is inserted on the centerline of the test model.

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A collisional-radiative rate equations coupled with flow equations for air plasma has been developed to study the effects of nonequilibrium atomic and molecular processes on the population density. The model consists of eleven species: e^-, N, N^+, O, O^+, N_2, N_2^+, NO, NO^+, O^2, and O_2^+ with their major electronic excited states. Many elementary processes are considered in the temperature range 300 K &le; T &le; 40,000 K. The state population, the mole fraction and temperature profiles in a high enthalpy flow condition assuming the Fire II reentry problem were computed. Presented computational results indicated that the location of peak temperature is shifted to the leeward direction, because electron temperature and density increasing due to shock heating is suppressed by radiative energy loss. In addition, excitation states distribution of nitrogen atom have non-Boltzmann population in the shock layer. It is necessary to refer to the effect of nonequilibrium population with particular emphasis on radiative energy transfer.

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Transpiration cooling at hypersonic high-enthalpy real-gas flow was experimentally studied in the free-piston shock tunnel HIEST. Heat flux distribution on a flat plate of 1000mm length was measured, which plate has a injector made of porous material. The material was permeable C/C composite, through which gaseous Helium was injected to the plate surface. To adjust unit Reynolds number to almost 2×10^6/m, which is the critical Reynolds number for transition, test free-steam condition was fixed; stagnation enthalpy was 8MJ/kg and Free-stream Pitot pressure was 200kPa. Changing of Plenum chamber pressure, flow-rate of gaseous helium as injectant was changed from Og/s to 5g/s. The measurement showed that the Helium injection was effective to reduce surface heat flux downstream of the injector, however, excessive flow-rate caused early onset of boundary layer transition, which increased higher heat flux rather than that of no-injection.

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In our laboratory, ablation experiments of Si-based heat-resistant materials have been performed systematically in air plasma freejets. In this study, spatial radiation distributions around the SiC were obtained by using two kinds of narrow band-pass filters corresponding to 520 nm and 650 nm in wavelength. Apparently spatial temperature distribution was also estimated by applying the Planck's law of radiation on a trial basis. It was found that the radiative intensities with the filter related to 650 nm in wavelength were higher than those with 520 nm, and the estimated spatial temperatures were about from 2,000 K to 3,000 K.

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Aeroheating measurements on the heatshield of the 6.4% scaled Apollo capsule model and the backshell of 6% scaled HTV-R capsule with forced turbulent transition was performed at the higher enthalpy conditions in the free-piston shock tunnel HIEST of JAXA Kakuda Space Center. When the flowfield becomes turbulent behind the roughness, heat flux on the heatshield and backshell were 1.5-3 times larger than one in laminar flow. For the safe design of thermal protection system, the estimation of the maximum of the turbulent heat flux in high enthalpy condition by CFD is needed. We computed the flowfield by the forced transition using the Splart-Allmaras and Baldwin-Lomax model, and compared with the measured data. We could find that RANS resutls can obtain good agreement with the measure data in the low enthalpy conditions on the heatshield. On the other hand, the computed heat flux is larger than measured data in the high enthalpy conditions. However, the heat flux on the backshell depends on the height of the roughness and becomes smaller than measured data. This implies that the flowfield calculation around the various height of the roughness is needed.

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These days, many micro satellites are developed and launched in the world. With increasing micro satellites, their mission levels, power consumptions, and heat generations are higher. For example, TSUBAME and PROCYON have only one solar panel due to heat generation. These satellites have a problem that their power generations are highly dependent on their attitudes. To evaluate these satellites' electric power balance, we suggest and develop a power simulator. This simulator provides a power supply reflecting satellite's attitude and orbit in real time. Applying this simulator to TSUBAME, we confirmed no power shortage occurred after rocket separation.

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In a design of the communication system of the Micro-Satellite, An antenna placement design becomes important to minimize the change after the hardware design because to minimize the change after the hardware design and this antenna pattern design greatly influence quantity of data transmission at the operation time in the area of Japan especially at the Dedicated band frequency like a S-band. Therefore, we suggest technique to solve these problems by applying the system which derives the optimized antenna placement by inputting the demand item and design item of each subsystem. In this report, We suggest the ground plan of this antenna most suitable placement derivation system and perform examination about the analysis (analysis about the amateur antenna gain level change for the earth station direction in the operation time of the satellite) necessary to realize the suggestion contents.

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An ultra-small probe which was named Shinen2 will be launched a H2A rocket with JAXA's asteroid probe the Hayabusa2. The Kyushu Institute of Technology has been developing the Shinen2 system with Kagoshima University. The purpose of this Shinen2 development is the establishment of a deep space communication method and a new structure designing method using a carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTP). Prairie View A&M University and NASA had developed a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor which can measure the three-dimensional distribution of the space radiation, was equipped in the Shinen2. This paper describes new deep space communication method and new structure designing method for the Shinen2. Furthermore, the CMOS type space radiation sensor is also described. The Shinen2 is the first small deep-space probe in the world to use an application of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermo-Plastics (CFRTP) for structure. A Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) is widely used in the aerospace industry. This CFRP has been used for satellite structures, and includes advantages such as high strength, high ductility, welding possibility, reduction of machining time. However, the example that used the CFRTP in structure of an aerospace vehicle is not found, the Shien2 will be the first example that it adapted to structure materials. This paper describes a summary of the Shinen2 structure that applied CFRTP.

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Mechanically moving components onboard spacecraft generate disturbances and often deteriorate spacecraft attitude stability and payload pointing performance. Therefore, the effect of internal disturbances must be carefully evaluated and controlled within an acceptable level through the design and the test before launch of the spacecraft. However, the stiffness or the flexibility of the supporting structure and/or the internal structure of moving components sometimes gives complexity to the evaluation and verification of the effect. In particular, if the spacecraft performance such as payload pointing stability is predicted based on the the disturbance transfer function obtained either analytically or by measurement, in conjunction with the estimated level of disturbances, the stiffness effect may cause a severe problem on the reliability of the prediction. This situation is typically encountered during the early design and test phase, because neither the flight model of spacecraft nor the actual disturbing components exist at this phase so that the prediction based on the disturbance transfer function is the only viable way of prediction. In this paper, the problem is outlined and recommended practices are briefly described.

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Since June 2011 to end of March 2014, The University of Tokyo and The Next Generation Space system Technology Research Association had been developing the twin micro-satellite: Hodoyoshi-3 and -4 to demonstrate and establish an innovative system design and a cost-effective development process for mass-production of micro-satellites in the future based on the new concept called "Hodoyoshi" which means reasonably reliable. These two satellites were successfully launched into Sun Synchronous Orbit with an altitude of about 630km on June 19th 2014. So far, we have been getting achievements regarding system performance on-orbit, a lot of mission data, for example, Earth observation images and movies, technical demonstration by new devices, capabilities for new space utilization like space advertisement. In this project, we have been considering and demonstrating, system architecture design methods, integration and test process, on-orbit operation methods including recovery functions from anomaly. This evaluation is undergoing by reviewing operation results from viewpoints of Hodoyoshi concept. This paper descries the Hodoyoshi concept, the major characteristics of the satellites, and the key features and approaches of microsatellite development to realize cost-effective mission.

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In the last fiscal year (2014, H26), a micro satellite research group was held with a fund from ISAS/JAXA. In the micro satellite research group, there are many researchers of engineering, physics and space use in universities, government institutes and company. In this paper, the micro satellite research group activities are outlined.

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In Meiji era, there was a steam locomotive engineer who was from UK. His name was Richard Francis Trevithick. His grandfather was Richard Trevithick. He is famous as an inventor of steam locomotive. Richard Francis Trevithick worked for Kobe works of the Imperial Government Railways. In Japan Richard Francis Trevithick is famous as a builder and designer of the first steam locomotive built in Japan. He was a member of the Institution of the Mechanical Engineers. He sent photographs and blue prints and letters to the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. They were remained at archive of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Author checked the photographs and blue prints and letters. They show the situation of Kobe works of the Imperial Government Railways in Meiji era. That includes the result of the examination of the new locomotive. In those photographs, there are photographs when completed of the first locomotive built in Japan. The existence of the photographs were known but the fact was not known that those photographs were taken when completed.

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In Nov. 1882, the "Horonai Railway" started its transport business from Temiya to Horonai by way of Otaru and Sapporo in Hokkaido. It was the first coaler in Japan and steam hauled trains were operated from Horonai coalfield to Temiya wharf. The owner of this industrial railway was an agency of Japanese government which was called as "Kaitaku-shi". This agency was charged with a mission on the development of Hokkaido and this railway was its transport division. In Dec. 1889, this railway transferred to the "Hokkaido Tanko Railway" which was one of the private railways in those days. In Sep. 1825, "Stockton & Darlington Railway (S&DR)" started its transport business in the north England. The construction of S&DR was the dawn of a worldwide railway transport revolution and it was the first public line to employ steam power from its opening. Coal mine near Darlington was too undulating for canal construction, so railway was selected instead of canal. This line started at Witton Park, above Shildon in the central coalfield and arrived at Darlington wharf. The most important industrial heritage is the steam engine "Locomotion" and this historic and original one is now preserved in the Darlington Railway Centre & Museum neighboring North Road Station. In this presentation, short history and significance relation to these industrial railways from the viewpoint of the history of railway technology will be explained.

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The Y-shaped lumbers of chestnut trees from the Jomon period about 4000 years ago were excavated at the Sakuramachi site in Oyabe City, Toyama, Japan in 1997. The usage of Y-shaped lumbers at this site has not yet been clarified. A field survey of the Y-shaped lumbers of the Sakuramachi site was performed and structural characteristics of the Y-shaped lumbers were investigated by the author Ozawa et al. According to structural characteristics, the hypothesis that they could have been used as sledges has been proposed. It is thought that the people from the Jomon period about 4000 years ago used the Y-shaped lumbers to transport heavy items such as giant trees. Giant chestnut trees were excavated at the sites of the Jomon period such as the Sakuramachi, the Mawaki, the Chikamori and the Teraji sites and so on. The giant tree culture had been existed in the Hokuriku region on the Sea of Japan coast in the Jomon period. In this paper, the relationship between the Y-shaped lumbers and giant trees excavated at both the Sakuramachi and Teraji sites are discussed.

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The outskirts of Pakse city of southern Laos, there is a "blacksmith village" consisting of district of LaklS, Lakl9, Lak20.1 went to this district from 2014 to 2015 three times and performed a field work about blacksmith's facilities and a technique. Based on this, I considered a Laotian blacksmith technology in comparison with a Japanese blacksmith technology.

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This report described the fish wheel which is working in Chitose River, Hokkaido. Furthermore, we looked over the American fish wheels which was the origin. Fish wheel is used to capture the salmon going back the river in autumn. There are many designs of fish wheel in the United States of America . We classified them into six kinds.

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The Museum of Industrial Technology of the Nippon Institute of Technology preserves at least 300 original drawings used to manufacture machine tools from the early Showa era. These machine tools were designed using the latest technologies at that time and manufactured by fully utilizing the most advanced industrial fabrication technologies. However, such ingenious structures and elements are difficult to observe directly in detail because they are mostly located inside the machine tools or in components difficult to access. We have developed 3D models of five machine tools using a 3D computer-aided design (CAD) system on the basis of the preserved drawings. These models have been used as exhibits at the Museum and as research materials for people studying the history of machine technology. In this study, we interviewed engineers and people familiar with the early Showa era, providing the 3D models for reference. We report the methodology of the survey and summarize the results obtained to examine the history of machine technology.

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This paper deals with the case report for fusion education between design and engineering in creative design practice. In the course of creative design practice, three elements such as "active learning", "project based learning" and "design thinking" are included. Through the experience with the whole process such as planning, designing, prototyping and evaluation, students will be able to train the design capacity. As a result, a feeling of assent (inevitability) is important to promote the independent learning of the student. Furthermore, as for the plural experience of discussion in the group and reflection such as short presentation, and also personal competition, it becomes clear that all of them are effective to the team building. In addition, it seems to be effective for the communication formation between student and student or teacher and student by using ICT such as SNS.

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Every year, we regularly participate in Student Formula Japan as a practical education system for manufacturing and human resource development. Student Formula Japan is a student design competition which is one of the Formula SAE series organized by SAE International. The competition consists of Static and Dynamic Events. In Static Events the car is judged based on the design and fabrication. Dynamic events include the skid-pad, acceleration, autocross, endurance and fuel efficiency events, where the car is driven by the students themselves. The activity of Utsunomiya University Formula Designers, the formula team in our school, offers a highly practical field and opportunities to students where the students can acquire various knowledge and skills of mechanical engineering, and develop their social maturity through communications with supporting companies and local communities. One of the most important issues of the team is to train drivers in an efficient way.

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Tokyo Metropolitan government unified Tokyo Metropolitan College of Aeronautical Engineering (TMCAE) and Tokyo Metropolitan College of Technology (TMCT) and newly started Tokyo Metropolitan College of Industrial Technology (TMCIT) in 2006. Consequently, the curriculum had been changed a lot. The instructions times of Mechanical Drawing and Workshop Practices for lower grade were reduced. Therefore the content of the lectures has also decreased. In addition, there are more students who have no interest in mechanical subjects at TMCIT than TMCAE due to the influence of unification entrance. It causes damage to their college life after they selected their course. To solve these problems, the Monozukuri education which was carried out at TMCAE attempted to Sinagawa campus of TMCIT. As a result, effects of the Monozukuri education were accepted also in Sinagawa campus of TMCIT.

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The first report described the Monozukuri education for lower grade students exploitation graduation research effective in the score up and of the class which preceded the Monozukuri education. In this report, a factor of effects of the Monozukuri education is investigated by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for the score on second grade. As the results, 1) the Monozukuri education preceded the class score was improved by effective of the students group whose the product of the number of frequency and times participated in the Monozukuri education is 25 over hours, 2) an improvement of the lowest score group whose join in the Monozukuri education gave a good effective for the class score up.

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When recent have seen the trend of PBL education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Ministry has accelerated the activities with a large budget to "several Seto of innovation human resources around the PBL". If you received is have Haidoku the results report, although bear the PBL education came out those with doubts about the content. In order to review the modalities of PBL education, and to report the results of a study by gathering in Conference Paper in conference presentations.

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The author organized a session, entitled "OS-7 Issues and Proposals in Rationalizing Regulations: Toward Quantification of Vulnerability, Uncertainty and Probability (VUP) in Regulatory Science and Engineering" for Safety Engineering Symposium held on July 2 and 3, 2015 under sponsorship of Science Council of Japan. The current paper discusses on papers presented at this session as well as plenary lectures and presentations relevant to regulations, for which the author has raised questions to better understand regulatory science and engineering issues and organize the subject sessions for the future symposia.

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In recent years, a decrease in motivation of learning, has become a problem in the College of Technology and Engineering of the University. In order to resolve this problem, measures are needed from the lower grades of these higher education institutions. However, to educate both theory and actual practice at the same time for student who have less technical skills is difficult in introductory education. In this study, we developed the aerodynamics and engineering mechanics experimental educational tool for college student. The educational tool provides the experience about engineering mechanics such as rotor blade torque and thrust force with "assembling the original horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) generator paper model" and "fluid calculation of the rotor blade by GPL wind turbine calculation software (QBlade)". Furthermore, the educational tool provides the actual research and development similar experience.

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Recently, the fused deposition modeling (FDM) type 3D printers become popular for everyone due to low price. One of the important points to put 3D printers into practical use in mechanical engineering education is include the engineering mechanics factor such as torque, thrust force and so on. In this study, we developed the aerodynamics and engineering mechanics experimental educational tool for college students, using 3D printed horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) generator model with wind turbine simulation software (QBlade). The wind turbine blade 3D geometry is easy to design by QBlade function without 3D CAD skill. On the other hand, the other key components of wind turbine such as generator mount, gear and hub are difficult to design by 3D CAD beginners. Accordingly, we designed dedicated wind turbine generator model key components optimized for FDM 3D printing.

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