We have developed the computer assisted instruction system which aims to support mastering fundamental skills of machine drawing through observation on 3-dimensional virtual models reflecting incorrectness of third angle projections provided by learners. Since the system was constructed on the premise that the work is performed with CAD (computer aided design) software, it could not be used at the initial stage of education on machine drawing. In this study, the function to deal with handwritten drawing was implemented to the system in order to improve the usability at various situations in education. Manual drafting projections were converted into bitmap images and the coordinate values of the endpoints of each segment were determined with consideration for discrepancies resulted from digitization. In addition, 3-dimensional geometries generated from provided projections were displayed by using the HTML5 (hypertext markup language, revision 5) so that no special environments except of web browsers were required for learning. Usability of the improved system was demonstrated by execution examples.

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In order to innovate engineering education, at first this paper proposes a new concept of ACE (Advanced Conceptual Engineer) with difference and repetition activity. Secondly we propose the use of partial differential equation modelling software, COMSOL Multiphysics, for the platform of emergence of ACE in the both sides of a school teacher and the learner. It seems that this software has a sufficient multiphysics analysis functions for the innovation as well as remote web function such as Application builder and COMSOL server.

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Alternative ☆ energy contest got cooperation of technology and society division in the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) and started in 2008 as a contest about energy use for students both of university and technical college. JSME started to sponsor from the 4th contest in 2011 and the participation qualification was excluded from the 5th contest in 2012 for the purpose of spreading this contest. It was investigated about the other contests held at a similar destination and it was compared to our contest in this paper.

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Technical explanations to the person who are not engineers ware investigated. The investigated technical explanations were the communications in the business in one company. The company has dealt an energy saving system for a packaged boiler. And, the company had dealt the system to make emulsion fuel. The company dealt the system as an energy saving system before the company dealt an actual energy saving system. In those cases, the accuracy of explanation has not been received. Reasonable experimental results were not comprehended, and incorrect explanation has attracted. When those cases were compared, the following are expected to make the person who are not engineers receive the explanation. A benefit should be explained quantitatively. And the complex relation between cause and effect must not be received. Therefore, an explanation must be focus on a simple relation. When the case is not educational act, the complex factors should be black boxes, and the explanation of these complex factors have better to be avoid.

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The purpose of this paper is to reveal consumer preferences and attitudes for environmental attributes of a printer. We consider spreading of environmentally friendly home electric appliances with this analysis. Questionnaire investigations were carried out on the internet in Japan, applying the best-worst scaling. We found out that most consumers consider performance attributes of a printer as important while environmental attributes extremely less important. Furthermore, answers of questionnaires were divided into three groups depending on the level of consumer preferences for environmentally friendly appliances. We also found out that even the group which has highest preferences for environmentally friendly appliances considers performance attributes of a printer as important while environmental attributes extremely less important.

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Since greenhouse gas is increasing on the earth, climate system warming is going on. Unprecedented accidents such as sea surface elevation, the retreat of glaciers etc. is observed. Then, the promotion of the education for sustainable development (BSD) becomes of importance. BSD is activities and aims at the creation of a sustainable society through the familiar tackle (think globally, act locally). In other words, BSD is a supporter of the creation of a sustainable society to foster education. In this background, the students of primary education with interest in science and technology will be useful to companies in the region using the technology in the future. And the challenge of the effective utilization technology of sustainable energy is worthwhile on energy education and environmental education. Therefore the model of Stirling engine becomes one of the best teaching materials of energy education. In this report, I introduce the public lecture about energy for teacher and students held at our university. And I have considered the results of my theme about energy and environment.

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From the viewpoint of beginning teacher, on the basis of opinions from students, some improvement of lecture and education of thermodynamics at College of Engineering Systems, University of Tsukuba, as an integrated department of mechanical, civil, architectural, and electrical engineering, is described. Especially, the importance of concept of conservation law, the necessity of kinetic theory of gases in thermodynamics, and the significance of the set of generic equations including the Maxwell relation toward civil and architectural engineering, are discussed.

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This paper introduces a concept to construct a practice field of advanced technologies on advanced mobility of autonomous driving and electric vehicles in Tohoku University Aobayama Campus by collaboration of Sendai City and Tohoku University Next-Generation Advanced Mobility System Research Project. From January to February 2015, the Cabinet Office in Japan Government raised proposals of special district for field operation test of advanced technologies. The authors performed a proposal named "the construction of the Aobayama campus next-generation advanced mobility system proving field" in cooperation with Sendai city. The proposal was accepted as the second designation of the national strategic special district, and the first of the regional rebirth special district. In this paper the contents of proposal and prospects are to be introduced.

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The patent law sets forth the description requirements on Claims and Specifications, etc. as well as the other patentability requirements such as the industrial applicability, novelty, inventive steps, and first-to-file requirements. Regarding the description requirements (validation of Patent Law section 36), the number of decision of refusal in examination and appeal, decision of invalidation, and actions of annulment of the appeal decision has been increasing. In this study, we analyzed the requirements on definiteness based on recent court decisions and the like in order to avoid such cases that a useful invention to be protected is rejected or invalidated due to inadequate description in claims, so that the invention cannot attain suitable protection as a result of being disadvantaged in patenting and enforcing its right. We found that the Supreme Court has been making different decisions on claims having an expression to specify a product by its production process (product-by-process claims).

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The purpose of Patent Law is, through promoting the protection and the utilization of inventions, to encourage inventions, and thereby to contribute to the development of industry. Thus, the concept of the Patent Law affects the promotion of the future innovation, and then, revision of the Patent Law attracts attention in recent years. On July 10, this year, revised Patent Law was promulgated, and provisions about the employee's invention were revised. Under the current system, the patent rights (the rights to obtain patents) of inventions invented in companies belong to inventors, and transferred to corporations. After this Patent Law revision, the patent rights (the rights to obtain patents) belong to corporations from the beginning. With introduction of this revised employee's invention system, the consideration that does not obstruct incentive to invention will be necessary in future.

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This paper analyzes pipeline in Japanese pharmaceutical industry empirically. At first, we examine current phase and abandoned phase in Japan. Next, we focus on 2 company (one has experienced joint-research with academia while another has not so much). We examine current phase and abandoned phase of them. We almost found that there is a death valley in phase II.

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Nowadays "innovation" is a common word that is used in policy document, corporate slogan and so on. In the current definition of "innovation" in the Oslo Manual by OECD that is used as a standardized definition for international comparison, it is unclear what is considered to be "new or significantly improved" and then the concept of innovation is likely to be under-estimated. In this paper a new definition of innovation is proposed, based on analysis of the problems in its current definition.

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Authors organized the Dialogue for Global Innovation project 5 years ago, together with about 20 pro-active persons from Japanese industry, government and university, as well as about 5-6 persons from abroad. The objective is to analyze and propose the solutions to the key issues which Japan and the world will encounter in the 21^<st> century. About once in two years, we organized international symposium and discussed these issues. The first such symposium was held at GRIPS in 2011. The second one was in Cambridge, UK in 2013. The third one was at Graz and Vienna in Austria in 2014. We are going to have the 4^<th> one again in Graz and Vienna in October 2016.

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[in Japanese]

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Structural optimization can be classified into sizing, shape, and topology optimization, the last offering the most potential for exploring ideal and optimal structures. That is, topology optimization is the most flexible structural optimization method that allows the topological change such as the creation of holes, as well as the shape changes, and has a potential to exploring innovative and high performance structures. In this paper, the current status of topology optimization and the applications to innovative structural and material designs

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Simultaneously with the start in the 21st century, CAE practical use specification examination was attained during the design across the boundaries of CAD and CAE. It can be said that it became the time when design, development, and industry which employed the high creativity in the Virtual Engineering environment beyond the range of CAD/CAM/CAE of the former of 15 years after now efficiently could be performed. The importance of a spread of the data user who considered data cooperation as the reason is shown giving a practical use example by setting CAD Data to CAE Model. Moreover, the trend of the design and industry of "3D / Digital/IT" manipulation in the Virtual Engineering environment where it is located on the extension in the example of practical use in development is explained.

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After the war, Japanese Diesel railcar field was zero-based state compared to western countries. In the period of economic growth, it was successful mission to making national wide railway Diesel railcar network, while overcoming all the difficulties. This experience contains valuable advice to engineer and management.

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Gunze Ltd. was founded in 1896 in the district of Ikaruga (modern-day Ayabe) to promote the local silkworm industry. Nylon stocking and inner wear production were launched after WWII. Around the oil shocks of the 1970s, Gunze Ltd. embarked on a new business development in the fields of plastic films and engineering plastics. Utilizing its expertise in plastic polymers and textile technologies, R&D of bioabsorbable medical devices was launched in the late 1970s. Firstly, surgical suture thread made of PGA was successfully commercialized in Japan in 1986 under technical assistance provided by Prof. Yoshito Ikada at Kyoto University. Subsequently, various kinds of bioabsorbable medical devices such as reinforcement felt, bone fixation device, and artificial dermis, were put into the Japanese market.

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Magnesium alloy parts are produced by plastic forming process such as rolling, extrusion and forging, as well as casting process which includes sand casting, and die casting. Thixomolding is also a type of the casting process which can mold magnesium alloy parts with a high cavity pressure. Die casting and Thixomolding are used for producing magnesium alloy parts with complex shape for automobiles and electronic appliances such as notebooks, mobile phones, and cameras. Because die casting needs a melting pot which keeps a large amount of molten magnesium alloy in it, a special care should be paid to prevent the oxidation of the molten metal. Thixomolding, on the other hand, does not demand such care because the magnesium alloy is melted only in the sealed barrel in this process. Thixomolding is capable to mold magnesium alloys with a temperature lower than their liquidus temperature. The low temperature molding results in a higher dimensional accuracy, and less porosity than die casting. It is also reported that thinner parts can be molded by Thixomolding because the cavity pressure is higher than the die casting

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Titanium and titanium alloys have good combination of high mechanical properties and excellent corrosion resistance in human body. So titanium and titanium alloys have excellent properties for for medical implants and medical devices. The medical committee of The Japan Titanium Society is supporting the activity that titanium and titanium alloys spread for medical application widely. It makes reports of medical markets, titanium manufacturing process for medical application and so on. World-wide Demand of titanium for medical application was about 3200t in 2011. In Japan, though production of titanium for medical domestic use was about 44t, it only 12〜23% of consumption. Though titanium and its alloys are usually melted by VAR process, melting furnace to able to use recycle raw materials, such as EBR or CCIM are recently used, too. Aluminum free low-modulus titanium alloys researches to prevent bone shrinkages.

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Titanium alloys as biomaterial have over fifty years after practical use for dental and orthopedic surgery. This short paper shows its practical and historical developing road map and view in future.

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There is a technique for 3D manufacturing the implant in the near-net-shape. To do this, we use a patient's CT image. It is a manufacturing technology by powder additive fabrication using a laser or electron beam. Additive fabrication the titanium alloy microstructure, different from that of the forged material. And, there are many defects. These defects become the origin of fatigue fracture. To use the Additive fabrication titanium alloys, fatigue properties are important. In this study, we have to evaluate the fatigue properties of titanium alloy that was shaped by an electron beam melting method. In addition, it was subjected to a surface modification for the purpose of improving the fatigue characteristics. Specifically, it was fine peening. And, the fatigue characteristics were evaluated and examined its effectiveness.

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To measure the deformation of the structural material, an irradiated grid or grating fabrication method has been developed. Using a laser projector, squire grid or parallel grating was irradiated to the specimen that has luminous paint on the surface. After ten minutes irradiation, a grid or grating can be observed of bright and dark parts. Bright parts were irradiated by laser beam and can be observed in 1 minute. 3-point bending test was performed after ten minutes irradiation of laser, and grid could be observed during 3-point bending test. Another method of the exposure of UV light (375nm) on to the specimen surface with a grid mask was also carried out.

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A development of the movable flap gate type breakwater, which is based on a steel flap gate in hydraulic gates with a number of adoption results, is reaching the final stage of demonstration tests in the sea. The flap gate type breakwater usually lies down on a seabed and rises up through a sea surface with buoyancy when tsunami or storm surge occurs. In past studies reflected viewpoints of a large number of specialists, it has been confirmed that the flap gate type breakwater has capabilities against tsunamis. This paper describes the characteristics of the flap gate type breakwater, the expansion of utilizations in seawalls except breakwaters for tsunami and storm surge reduction.

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As advanced environmental or energy applications of plasma and ionic liquid as a functional fluids, plasma assisted ignition for internal combustion engines with nano second pulsed discharge at high pressure and high temperature conditions, nano particle transportation by combining plasma actuation and electrostatic mixing in a tube have been introduced. Furthermore, the ionic liquid electrospray for the space propulsion has been discussed with its fundamental characteristics.

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Electro-conjugate fluid is a kind of functional fluid, which generates an active flow when subjected to a high DC voltage. Since it only requires a tiny electrode pair in sub-millimeter scale, the electro-conjugate fluid flow can be a possible candidate for fluid power source of micro fluidic systems. On the other hand, micro fluidic systems are gathering attentions in the field of bioengineering, to realize a micro total analysis system or μTAS, which may reduce the volume of samples and regents, analysis time and cost compared with general biochemical analyses. This paper introduces a novel approach for droplets mixing using the electro-conjugate fluid, since mixing droplets are quite often required in the process of biochemical analyses. In the developed droplets mixing device, swirl flow is generated in a chamber by using the electro-conjugate fluid flow generation. Then, droplets whose density is lower than that of electro-conjugate fluid are dripped into the chamber. Due to the density difference, the droplets are subjected to centripetal forces, which make them move to and mix at the center of the chamber. Experimental results confirmed this concept and showed a possibility of the device.

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Thermal physical properties, morphology and dynamic behaviors of magnetic fluids are tunable by externally imposing a magnetic field. Owing to the fact, energy conversion and control using the magnetic fluids have attracted extensive attention in the field of thermal mechanical engineering. In the present report, two advanced technologies using the magnetic fluids are introduced; (1) magnetically-driven heat transport device using temperature-sensitive magnetic fluid, and (2) tunable anisotropic thermal conductivity of magnetic fluid dispersing Ag nanowires.

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A large part of sudden death caused by acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Based on the mechanical elucidated the evidence the onset wit of AMI, it is object that a risk of AMI onset is visualized by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). AMI is reported that a vulnerable plaque in coronary artery is ruptured by high wall shear stress (WSS) produced by coronary blood flow. WSS is calculated in the CFD for those cases that is revealed vulnerable plaque by coronary artery CT. A case in which WSS indicates a high value at vulnerable plaque, is regarded as high-risk group of AMI. To realize a life style improvement and take a proper medicine in order to reduce the WSS will prevent sudden death. CFD that has not been used in the medical field until now will be able to provide visualization of sudden death prevention.

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We have been focusing on a possibility of low interference within blood flow in a micro scale channel. The RBC is at once taken heavy shear stress from velocity fields, the hemolysis, which put inside hemoglobin out, occurs. In that case, the RBC is broken by shear stress and makes to change to ghost RBC. Such blood isn't suitable for blood checking of healthcare hence we have to suck blood under pressure loss restriction. The final goal of this research is an inspired design for micro needle learned by mosquito blood sucking mechanism. We perform that a consideration of low RBC interference in micro channel learned by mosquito blood sucking mechanism by an analytical method of basic fluid mechanics.

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Regarding Aichi Tokei Denki' s electromagnetic flow sensor which has such disposable structure that its flow-pass portion in contact with liquid can be replaced easily, the resin molding and the bonding technology to construct two flow-passes in the disposal flow-pass chip with high precision are described. Furthermore, the two flow-passes of the disposal flow-pass chip can measure different fluids in different flow-rates. The electromagnetic flow sensor of disposable structure is able to cope with various applications, as replacement of the disposable flow-pass chip can easily be done by any nurse and engineer, because knowledge of flow measurement is not required for the replacement.

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A new integrated constant-temperature anemometer (CTA) system consisting of a hot-wire sensor, its support and a CTA bridge was developed, which requires a single power supply. The square-wave testing showed that the CTA system with an overheat ratio of 1.6 responds to approximately 20kHz under a windoff condition. It was also shown that noise evaluation of the bridge output at no wind velocity is below -95dB in the frequency range of 0-20kHz even making use of USE power supply, which is comparable to that of conventional anemometer.

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Improvement of fuel economy of vehicle is important issue for global environment protection. Above all, Petrol engine taking a large majority for vehicles in the future, make progress toward low fuel consumption and low emission not only low cost and high performance. Main technologies are direct injection, high tumble intake-port for high-speed combustion, downsizing by using turbocharge for partial-load fuel consumption improvement. Moreover, fundamental technologies for engine development progress too, such as CAE and detail measurement facilities.

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Many types of exhaust heat recovery system on internal combustion engine have been studied. For example, Rankine-cycle steam engine can assist engine torque and thermoelectric element can generate electricity by Seebeck effect with recovering exhaust heat as their heat sources. In this paper, a study on fuel reforming is described as the latest example of exhaust heat recovery. Improvement of combustion stability under higher EGR rate with addition of hydrogen by its high burning velocity can enhance EGR upper limit and lead higher thermal efficiency. In order to realize on-board hydrogen gas generation, a fuel reformer system consist of a reforming catalyst and a fuel injector on an external EGR line is studied and the effect of this system is clarified by a physical single cylinder engine with real reformate gas.

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In order to deliver the value of SKYACTIV-D (such as linear torque and smooth acceleration, class-top level fuel consumption, and emissions enough clean to comply with the latest emission regulations without NOx after-treatment) to wider range of users, the 1.5L engine has been developed. This paper presents the new technologies adopted to improve the control factors of thermal efficiency and to overcome the restrictions due to the small displacement, also have a view of further improvement in the thermal efficiency.

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Diesel injection equipment is required to be more accurate and higher in pressure to meet the increasingly strict emission, fuel consumption regulations and higher engine performance. One of the key component to meet these demands is injector. DENSO has been working to develop injector according to the following approaches, high combustion speed by high rectangle injection rate, stabilized firing by small quantity high speed multiple injection, to keep the injection accuracy throughout the lifetime by closed-loop system, wider area combusion by wide diffusion spray. This paper reports the latest technology of diesel injection sysytem and the excellent injection performance.

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In this talk, I will discuss the idea of applying multiobjective optimization techniques to structural optimization. First, recent developments in structural optimization techniques are briefly reviewed in terms of their problem formulations and their applications. Next, the concept of multiobjective optimization to obtain a Pareto optimal solution set is introduced, and I'll show the potential requirements of multiobjective optimization in structural optimization problems for use in design processes, such as trade-off analysis. Finally, I'll briefly review multiobjective optimization techniques and discuss several of the features required in solvers applied in multiobjective structural optimization problems.

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In this talk, we discuss about several issues needs to be considered for the topology optimization based on the density approach that is applied to dynamic problems such as vibration, acoustics and vibro-acoustic coupling problems. For instance, material interpolation with RAMP method has been proposed and are widely applied to avoid unwanted localized modes that appears when design variables approach lowest values near zero. Another issue is related to a governing equation for the topology optimization of vibro-acoustic problem. In order to avoid defining boundaries between structural and acoustic domain, mixed formulation has been also proposed and applied. More general approach is to apply Biot's equations that are used to express dynamic behaviour of poro-elastic material such as sound-absorbing material. Finally, several summaries and perspectives for future works are shown.

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This paper aims to discuss general questions arise when applying topology optimization for electromagnetic problems with metallic materials. Because metallic composites excite a surface plasmon resonance, exactly expressing the boundaries between metallic materials is very important. The main discussion in this paper is whether and how we exactly express the boundaries, e.g. by modifying finite element mesh to fit the boundaries or other schemes.

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Topology optimization is well-documented research topic, and the many methodologies have been proposed to obtain optimal configurations in various physical problems. In conventional topology optimization approaches, optimization problems are commonly formulated under the steady-state condition, which means that the derivative with respect to time in the governing equation is ignored. The steady-state governing equation is typically discretized using the finite element method, and is implicitly solved by matrix operations. The implicit approach is, however, unsuitable for parallel computations, because the numerical treatment of a large-scale matrix operation needs a massive computational cost and it is difficult to educe the high parallelism. In this study, we propose a topology optimization method in which an optimization problem is formulated using unsteady governing equations, which are discretized by an explicit scheme. The key idea of the proposed method is that the design sensitivities at each optimization step are calculated using the state and adjoint variables at the previous optimization step, so that the steady-state condition is rapidly satisfied by a few iterations of the explicit computations. We guess this is a promising methodology for solving large-scale topology optimization problems, and would like to discuss its validity.

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A discussion is made on the next generation finite element method software platform for structural optimization research. Currently, many topology optimization researchers depend on a commercial finite element analysis package, COMSOL. COMSOL offers great capability and flexibility, so that, it has significant impact on the efficiency of the research. However, there also exists large number of research topics which COMSOL is not necessary the most adequate option to handle the problem, but, if a researcher heavily depended on COMSOL, it can be difficult to challenge such new research topics, because, they demand much more effort to have output compared with research topics which can be handled with COMSOL. In order to resolve this situation, we would like to discuss on the next generation research platform.

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In general, level-set based topology optimization is considered as a different structural optimization approach from density based topology optimization, because these approaches have different theoretical backbone. However, with the advancement of the research on these approaches, some optimization cases appear in which optimization behaviors of these approaches seem to be very similar. Therefore, in this workshop lecture, I would like to discuss essential different and common points between these approaches.

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It is crucial to produce products with Attractive Quality in the future industry. Conventional design tools such as CAD and CAE lack functionalities to support the design of such products (Delight Design). And such support tools as Kansei design methodologies are available to some extent, but they are still too specific to be applied to common design processes. There are strong demands for the development of technologies for supporting upstream design work flow dealing with delight aspects based on Kansei and seamlessly integrating it to the downstream embodiment design processes. A project has been conducted to develop "Delight Design Platform" which consists of tools and methodologies to achieve the above mentioned support for Delight Design.

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