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原稿種別: 付録等
p.
App9-
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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松本 充弘, 伊藤 陽一, 若林 英信, 牧野 俊郎
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p.
291-292
発行日: 2003/11/10
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Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to investigate mechanism of heat transfer in solids. The main target is to obtain atomic- and micro-scale understandings for interfacial thermal resistance, and three cases have been examined : (i) Interface between Lennard-Jones (LJ) model crystals with different orientations, (ii) Interface between an LJ crystal and amorphous material, and (iii) Interface between a silicon crystal and SiO_2 crystal. The temperature profile and the energy flux are calculated under a steady state with temperature-controled regions at the both ends of the system, and a temperature gap is observed in all cases when the temperature gradient is large. The lattice vibration analysis with help of the wavelet transform technique shows that the energy transfer is hindered at the surface, which suggests that phonons (especially with high frequency) are scattered at the interface.
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嵐 豊貴, 宮崎 康次, 塚本 寛
原稿種別: 本文
p.
293-294
発行日: 2003/11/10
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We conducted numerical simulations on heat transfer in dielectric thin films with nano-sturctures. Temperature profiles in nano-structured materials were obtained by solving 2 dimensional equations of phonon radiative transfer (EPRT) based on Boltzmann transport theory. Effective thermal conductivities were obtained by calculating a gradient of temperature. Reductions of thermal conductivity of nano-structured materials were predicted.
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丸山 茂夫, 五十嵐 康弘, 谷口 祐規, 澁田 靖
原稿種別: 本文
p.
295-296
発行日: 2003/11/10
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Molecular dynamics simulations of heat transfer between nanotubes in a bundle of 7 SWNTs were performed. Initially, whole system was kept at 300 K for 100 ps. Then, the temperature of only the center SWNT was suddenly heated up to 1000 K and temperature control was stopped. By monitoring the temperature of each SWNT, heat transfer from the center nanotube to surrounding nanotubes were calculated. We found that this heat transfer rate was well characterized by the thermal boundary resistance (TBR) between nanotubes. TBR value was estimated to be 1.0×(10)^<-7> m^2K/W. We have defined a length scale that can express the amount of TBR in comparison to the axial heat conduction. The estimated length was about 1μm.
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小原 拓, 芝原 正彦
原稿種別: 本文
p.
297-298
発行日: 2003/11/10
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Energy and momentum transfer at a solid-liquid interface has peculiar characteristics when shear at high rate is applied to the liquid by the moving solid wall. It has been showed in the previous report of ours on this problem for a monatomic liquid film that highly nonequilibrium energy distribution occurs in the liquid just close to the solid surface in the process of energy conversion from flow to thermal one, i.e., viscous heating in the macroscopic sense. This phenomenon will be more complicated for the case with polyatomic liquid, where degree of freedom in rotational motion plays an important role in energy transfer. The present report is on the molecular dynamics study of this phenomenon, in which diatomic molecules are applied for the sheared liquid.
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芝原 正彦, 功刀 資彰, 向 勝巳, 香月 正司
原稿種別: 本文
p.
299-300
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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Energy transfer from fluid to surface was calculated by using the classical molecular dynamics method in order to investigate effects of surface structures from 0.1nm to 10nm on surface energy transfer numerically. Surface structures on a constant surface area were composed of several hundred atoms having the same thermal properties. Upper region in the calculation domain was controlled at a constant temperature and a solid atomic layer at lower region was controlled at a constant temperature so as to make a temperature gradient in a calculation system. Volume density of fluids were changed from 0.0192g/(cm)^3 to 1.23g/(cm)^3 in the present study. Energy transfer to the surface was much dependent on surface structures in nanometer scale and surface structures in nanometer scale affected the number of fluid molecules that could exchange their kinetic and potential energy to surface atoms in the vicinity of the surface.
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柿沼 雄介, 泰岡 顕治, 池庄司 民夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
301-302
発行日: 2003/11/10
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As an approach to establishment of clustering from a liquid, I've Molecular dynamics simulation of clustering process from liquid droplet with adiabatic expansion, which is actually being used in the experiment. The method of changing into fragment with adiabatic expansion is being used for this clustering process. Molecular action inside liquid droplet was explained by simulating this, and compared with the principle of this method of clustering. Molecular binding around the surface of liquid droplet influenced whether clusters are formed deeply, and molecule action became what was different from that it was thinking about from the principle as a result.
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中別府 修
原稿種別: 本文
p.
303-304
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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Micro-cantilever shows a high-speed and high-sensitivity response to a thermal input because it has high thermal resistance and small thermal capacity. Three attempts in thermal measurements with MEMS cantilever sensors will be presented. First, a quantitative temperature measurement in SThM was realized by a thermal feedback method with a multi-functional cantilever probe. Second, a radiation temperature measurement system impervious to a variation in sensitivity of an amplifier and the sensor was demonstrated by a similar feedback method. Third, the cantilever prove for SThM was applied to a thermal analysis. Solidification and melting of an alloy of less than 1μg was observed. The attempts each offer exciting prospects of exceeding the conventional technology.
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磨田 謙一, 中別府 修
原稿種別: 本文
p.
305-306
発行日: 2003/11/10
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Thermal conductivity distribution is measured with micron spatial resolution but qualitative accuracy by scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) because variation in a tip-sample contact condition strongly affects heat flow rate used for determining thermal conductance. Therefore, we propose a quantitative measurement method of local thermal conductivity by combining thermal and electrical conductance detection methods on the SThM. As preliminary experiments, variations in the two conductances were measured during a force curve mode with the micro-cantilever probe, having thermopile, heater, thermocouple on its body and electrode at a tip. Results shows that electrical conductance was measured unstably and with low reproducibility, and that thermal one has lower dependence on contact load than electrical one.
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堀口 幸裕, 田口 良広, 斎木 敏治, 長坂 雄次
原稿種別: 本文
p.
307-308
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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In The field of nanotechnology, the nano-scale thermal properties are becoming increasingly important for the thermal design of electronic devices as the MEMS technology makes significant progresses. In the previous report, we proposed a new thermal properties measurement technique by using near-field optics, and demonstrated the validity of the present theory and the apparatus, which was confirmed under 500nm spatial resolution. In the present report, out recent development where we adopted a new detection scheme to accomplish higher spatial resolution (∿100nm), and a new device to evaluate the nwe detection technique, are presented.
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功刀 資彰, 芝原 正彦, 向 勝巳, 若森 聖三
原稿種別: 本文
p.
309-310
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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Heat transfer enhancement is one of key issues of saving energies and compact designs for mechanical and chemical devices and plants. We discovered an ultrahigh convective heat transfer performance compared to the well-known heat transfer correlations caused by a nano-particle porous layer formed on the heat transfer surface : the maximum increase of heat transfer coefficient was around 180∿220%. We have been developing a new technology to fabricate a nano-porous layer with having the ultrahigh heat transfer characteristics even if any stain adheres to the surface. This paper describes the feature of a new nano-porous layer, the optimal particle size of heat transfer enhancement and the effect of the stain on the heat transfer characteristics.
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石黒 博
原稿種別: 本文
p.
311-312
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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Freezing or solidification is one of fundamental phenomena in the thermal engineering and is related to effective utilization of energy and material processing. Also, the freezing is applied to biological materials in the area of bioengineering. The applications of freezing of biological materials are cryopreservation and cryosurgery. They are, respectively, the preservation and destruction by the freezing. From the viewpoint of biothermal engineering, the following is mentioned : effects of freezing to biological materials, bio-heat and mass transfer during the freezing, causes of damages of biological materials, brief prospect of research in engineering aspects, etc. Fundamental research and breakthrough are expected for development of the freezing of biological materials.
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白樫 了, 棚澤 一郎, 永澤 みゆき
原稿種別: 本文
p.
313-314
発行日: 2003/11/10
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In the present paper, deleterious problems during thawing frozen biomaterials and living cells were discussed. During the frozen storage and thawing, structural change of ice grains in a frozen biomaterial, so called recrystallization, fractures cells or deforms the matrix by smashing and forming intracellular ice. Dielectric spectroscopy may allow a nondestructive method to detect such a structural change of ice grains especially during frozen storage. Effects of extracellular saccharide as a convenient cryoprotectant on intracellular ice formation during freezing and thawing were also discussed.
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高松 洋
原稿種別: 本文
p.
315-320
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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During freezing of cells. the cells are subjected to many types of stresses including the mechanical stress from ice crystals, osmotic stress induced by the concentration of extracellular solution, the mechanical stress resulted from osmotic volume change of cells, and so on. This paper deals with the cellular phenomena associated with these stresses during freeze-thaw process, and provides a view to date on the cellular injury caused by deformation and osmotic stress, which was obtained from the experiments that were designed to imitate the freezing process.
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多田 幸生
原稿種別: 本文
p.
321-324
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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The accurate prediction of heat transfer and injury during freezing of biological tissue is greatly important for determinination of proper handling. In this paper, the physicochemical model has been developed, and the freezing of biological tissue was simulated in relation to the following micro-behavior, the partial freezing outside the cell, water permeation through cell membrane, ice formation inside cell at nucleation stage, and others relevant to the freezing injuries. By linking the experimental and analytical method, viability of cell and quality of food during freezing process was quantitatively discussed in conjunction with macro heat-transfer.
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庄司 祐子
原稿種別: 本文
p.
325-328
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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The core temperature of human body is maintained by the thermoregulation. A viewpoint of the heat transfer phenomena, there are three factors which are internal heat production, heat transfer from internal body to skin surface and heat loss from human body to surrounding environment. The thermoregulatory system works to maintain thermal equilibrium between the heat loss rate and the heat production rate. The human thermal model simulates the thermal state of human body. The conventional human thermal models were built for the thermal comfort evaluation. In this paper, a review of studies in this field of the human thermal model was described.
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山田 幸生
原稿種別: 本文
p.
329-330
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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This paper reviews the current status and future prospects of optical technologies using near-infrared light for biology and medicine. Light in the near-infrared wavelength range has higher transmittance through biological tissues, and is frequently used for measuring physiological information such as tissue oxygenation, hemodynamics, and concentrations of tissue fluids. However, light in the near-infrared wavelength range is subject not only to the absorption but also to the strong scattering by tissues. Due to this strong scattering of light by tissue light propagates diffusely in tissues. This paper focuses on the technologies of diffuse optical imaging and noninvasive measurement of blood glucose level.
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p.
App10-
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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角口 勝彦
原稿種別: 本文
p.
331-332
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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Behaviors of the vapor bubbles generated by the liquid-liquid direct-contact evaporation were investigated experimentally. Heat was supplied to the top surface of a per-fluorocarbon PF5050 liquid pool by the impingement of the downward hot water jet. Because water and PF5050 were immiscible with each other, a continuous (non-dispersed) horizontal liquid-liquid interface appeared. In addition, there were a large number of liquid droplets of PF5050 floating on the interface in case of the large water flow rate. The generated vapor bubbles broke up the thin PF5050 liquid film above them and then separated from the liquid-liquid interface. The sizes of the bubbles wee measured at the moment just after they were released into the water pool. The value of the buoyancy force acting on the unit area of the thin liquid film was important to make clear the mechanism of the liquid film breakdown phenomenon.
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本田 博司, 王 躍社
原稿種別: 本文
p.
333-334
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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Two theoretical models are developed to predict evaporation heat transfer in horizontal microfin tubes in the annular flow regime. The first model is based on the Carnavos equation for liquid flow and the equivalent Reynolds number is introduced to extend it to the annular flow regime. The second model considers the structure of liquid film and the heat transfer coefficient is determined as a sum of the contributions of the substrate film region and the disturbance wave region. Generally, the first model gives a good agreement with available experimental data for four tubes and three refrigerants at a high mass flux. The second model shows a smaller dependence on the quality than the experimental data, which is due to the lack of information on the structure of disturbance wave. On the basis of the first model and a previously proposed stratified flow model, a generalized prediction method applicable to a wide range of mass flux is also proposed.
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新井 崇洋, 阿部 豊, 佐藤 健一郎, 佐伯 健太郎, 中川 裕二
原稿種別: 本文
p.
335-336
発行日: 2003/11/10
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Spontaneous vapor explosion can occur when a layer of the high temperature molten material lies on the water pool or on the moisture floor. This is so-called base-triggered vapor explosion. This base-triggered vapor explosion is supposed to occur in the case of a severe accident in various facilities. It is very important to clarify the base-triggered vapor explosion from the viewpoints of the prediction and the prevention of the vapor explosion. In order to evaluate the behavior of the base-triggered vapor explosion, the experimental apparatus is designed and constructed. The experiments using U-Alloy95 as a simulating substance are conducted. Consequently, the behavior of the molten material can be observed in detail with this experimental apparatus. The digital auto-correlation method and PIV are also applied to the visual observation data obtained on the experiments in order to evaluate the velocity distribution of the molten material. Based on the velocity, the pressure at the vapor explosion is also evaluated.
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儲 仁才, 門谷 皖一, 新谷 俊哉, 谷村 利伸, 畠中 勉, 西尾 茂文
原稿種別: 本文
p.
337-338
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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An experiment on a generator utilizing boiling and condensation was carried out in a wind-tunnel test bench. Fuluorinert (FC5312) was used as the working fluid. A vertical tube type boiler was chosen and the hot side electrode of the thermoelectric module was processed into a low-finned surface to increase the hot side temperature. Experimental parameters were the temperature of the cooling water, the velocity and the temperature of the air. Two types of boiler and two sorts of thermoelectric material were tested and compared. As a conclusion, the thermoelement characteristic is very important for system designing, and the structure designing will improve the following characteristic of the boiler to load fluctuation.
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永井 二郎, 福原 輝幸, 浅野 文郎
原稿種別: 本文
p.
339-340
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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In this paper, experimental results on solar distillation device in UAE are reported. The experiments started from 1999,in order to obtain fundamental data for verifying heat and mass transfer model of solar distillation device. Two types of devices were tested; one is basin type which is most popular and simplest, and the other is tubular type which is considered to be more efficient than basin type. Experimental results show that the water production rate ranges about 2.0∿8.0 kg/m^2/day. In addition, it was confirmed that produced pure water was successfully utilized for irrigation water.
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中尾 吉伸, 田中 雄太, 田中 学, 菱田 誠
原稿種別: 本文
p.
341-342
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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Present paper deals with experiments of direct-contact freezing of Hexadecane particles injected from a nozzle into stagnant pure water, ethylene glycol 30wt% water solution and ethylene glycol 50wt% water solution. The experimental parameters were varied in the ranges of n=0.001∿257 and Pr=8.8∿42. It was found that one dimensional heat conduction model can be applied to predict the solidification mass fraction of particle swarm including various size particles formed by destruction of laminar and turbulent jet.
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吉村 賢二, 小山 繁, 稲田 孝明
原稿種別: 本文
p.
343-344
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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Ozone has capability of sterilization and deodorization due to high oxidation power. And it is effective for conservation of perishable foods and purification of water. However, conservation of ozone is difficult because of resolving into oxygen. Recently, ice containing ozone is taken notice for the purpose of conserving ozone. In the present study, we investigated the influence of pressure of ozonized water on the concentration of ozone in ice and the shape of bubbles in ice. The higher pressure of water dissolved ozone, the smaller size of gas in ice. And the higher pressure of ozonized water, the larger concentration of ozone in ice.
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房岡 高広, 木村 繁男, 岡島 厚, 木綿 隆弘
原稿種別: 本文
p.
345-346
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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Fundamental study on a solidifying phenomenon in a rectangular water-saturated porous medium was carried out. The system is cooled from the upper boundary and heated from below. In this study, the dynamic response of the solid-liquid interface to the periodical temperature fluctuation of the cooling surface was considered in detail. Especially, the amplitude of solid-liquid interface and the phase lag to the time-varying cooling temperature were monitored for various periods and cooling temperatures. One and Two-Dimensional numerical calculation was carried out to analyze the phenomena. The two results agree well. It is found that the amplitude of interface position increases in proportion to the temperature fluctuation period, and that both the thicker solid layer and the shorter period cause the greater phase lag.
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村田 圭治, 大東 信紀, 神野 稔, 荒賀 浩一, 内藤 平美, 丸山 英男, 内藤 竜介
原稿種別: 本文
p.
347-348
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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Thermal insulation system Using "Green Eco-Mat" is composed of the porous mats and the water supply equipment. This system is able to conserve energy throughout the year, namely, to radiate heat by evaporation of saturated water in the summer season, and to keep houses warm like insulation slabs in the winter season. The heat performance tests were conducted outdoors using 4 kinds of test boxes, (a) a box covered with a iron sheet, (b) that on which a porous mat saturated with water ("Green Eco-Mat") is laid down, (c) that on which water is sprinkled, and (d) that on which insulation paint is applied. Temperatures of iron sheet and inside test box were measured, and insulation performances were compared. It seems that larger energy conservation effect is obtained by "Green Eco-Mat" with less amount of water than only by sprinkler.
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内野 雄太, 高田 保之, 日高 澄具, 中村 匡亨
原稿種別: 本文
p.
349-350
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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Effect of surface wettability on pressure drop has been studied using duct walls with different contact angle. The contact angles of duct walls are 0°, 30°, 110°and 150°. Experiments were carried out to measure the pressure drop and the flow-rate by using a manometer and a flow meter. In single-phase flow, the coefficients of friction in all cases were nearly the same. In two-phase flow, friction drag increased for walls of contact angles of 30°and 110°due to the deposition of bubbles on the wall.
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田中 秀和, 梅川 尚嗣, 小澤 守
原稿種別: 本文
p.
351-352
発行日: 2003/11/10
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Critical heat flux is a very important factor in designing various boiling two-phase flow systems, and therefore many investigations under steady flow conditions have been conducted so far. However, in boiling systems, flow instabilities, such as density wave oscillation, occur under a certain operating conditions. In this investigation, CHF experiments under oscillatory flow conditions in inclined tube have been conducted. On the basis of the experimental results, dryout mechanisms in the inclined boiling channel are classified into three patterns under steady flow condition, and the influence magnitude of the flow oscillation on CHF is quite difference among these patterns.
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門出 政則, 光武 雄一, Hammad Jaffer
原稿種別: 本文
p.
353-354
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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An experimental study has been carried out to understand relationship between change in surface temperature and heat flux and flow condition, especially, the position of the wetting during quenching high temperature cylindrical block with an impinging jet. The surface temperature and heat flux during quenching can be estimated from the measured temperatures in the block using two-dimensional inverse solution. It reveals how surface temperature changes with the movement of the wetting point. A specific position at which the maximum heat transfer coefficient and the maximum heat flux occur is compared with the wetting point, resulting in these locations appear far away from the wetting point. The time duration from the start of the impingement to the time after which the wetting starts expanding on the surface is predicted by the proposed correlation.
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中野 昭裕, 桃木 悟, 茂地 徹, 山田 〓
原稿種別: 本文
p.
355-356
発行日: 2003/11/10
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An numerical analysis was made on film boiling from a heated plate facing downwards immersed in saturated water using the SOLA-VOF method. In this calculation the LC method was also used in order to take into account the compressibility of vapor and liquid. The horizontal vapor film thickness was treated as the boundary condition, and the numerical solutions were obtained for the case of the constant degree of the wall superheat. The effect of the horizontal vapor film thickness on the trend of the heat transfer rate and vapor flow rate were investigated.
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佐藤 久, 稲田 茂昭
原稿種別: 本文
p.
357-358
発行日: 2003/11/10
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The growth mechanism of a vapor bubble nucleus in an excess superheated liquid is investigated theoretically. The equations of motion proposed in this paper are given by the coupled ordinary equations, which are expressed by the relation among pressure, volume and fractal dimension as a function of time. The velocity of molecule in the bubble within a superheated liquid, the pressure in a nucleus follows from the instantaneous molecule collisions with its boundary.
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稲田 茂昭, 天田 大鉄, 戸辺 雅宏, 佐藤 久
原稿種別: 本文
p.
359-360
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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The purpose of this research is to clarify the mechanism of the miniaturization-boiling phenomenon, which intensely scatters with a large number of minute liquid particles from a water droplet surface to the atmosphere, when the droplet collided on a heating surface. Generation, coalescence and injection of the micro bubble in a superheated liquid film cause the generation of the miniaturization boiling. Then, a sapphire surface was used as a heating surface in order to catch this micro bubble, and the solid-liquid contact behavior on the droplet collision was photographed by a high-speed camera from the back surface.
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p.
App11-
発行日: 2003/11/10
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大久保 英敏, 安成 優樹, 棚澤 一郎, 亀ヶ谷 博
原稿種別: 本文
p.
361-362
発行日: 2003/11/10
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In the present study, a natural secondary refrigerant was investigated using ethanol-water mixture. If a fluid latent heat material is to be used in a heat exchanger system in practice, it is of great significance to examine the fluidity of that two-phase substance consisting of liquid and solid phases. Therefore, in the present experiment, we selected the torque obtained in the stirring production process as the target value of torque for assessing the fluidity of the liquid-solid two-phase fluid. In addition, we also attempted to estimate coefficient of viscosity indirectly by establishing a relationship between the viscosity and torque for silicon oil of known viscosity.
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井口 泰男, 黒田 尚紀
原稿種別: 本文
p.
363-364
発行日: 2003/11/10
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Falling film type of freeze concentration equipment developed as application of ice thermal storage can condense and cut down waste water, though it is ice thermal storage. By this equipment, four merits, heat use, waste water curtailment, reuse of water, and recovery of valuables, are obtained. The separation performance changes with ice-making speed, the kind of solution, quality, and concentration. If adapted for the expensive industrial waste water of processing expense, at least the merit of waste water curtailment can be collected for a short period of time. Thus, it can be said that this equipment is a hybrid system in consideration of environmental load reduction.
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李 允煥, 竹村 文男, 遠藤 尚樹, 飛原 英治
原稿種別: 本文
p.
365-366
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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Pre-cooling venturi type absorber for absorption heat pump was experimentally investigated to increase vapor absorption rates. In this research, the absorbent is pre-cooled at 35-45℃ before the nozzle, and we examine how much the lithium bromide aqueous solution can absorb the vapor by the proposed venturi type absorption rate of the solution increases as the inlet pressure increases. The ratio of the absorption rate to the flow rate of the absorbent is about 3-5%.
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遠藤 尚樹, 前田 哲彦, 長谷川 裕夫, 山下 巖
原稿種別: 本文
p.
367-368
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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This paper describes the principle and the features of the liquid piston compressor (LPC). In the liquid piston compressor, the surface of the liquid moves the gas such like a conventional piston compressor, but the location of the piston can not be determined as a function of a rotation phase. Its location is determined by the running conditions at each moment. The liquid compresses the gas to outer side of the liquid and suctions the gas from the inner side. Suction volume is predicted as a function of the void fraction at the entrance of the working space. The disadvantage of the LPC is large diameter, but it is expected that LPC will have a small mechanical loss in comparison with a liquid ring compressor.
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韓 相牧, 佐藤 春樹
原稿種別: 本文
p.
369-370
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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According to the Kyoto Protocol, we have to reduce 6% of global-warming-gas emission till 2008-2012 from that in 1990. This would be quite difficult goal to be achieved in time. In this situation, we need to find out measures to reduce energy consumption of residential use which is highest rate in energy consumption of Japan. According to air-conditioning system has the principal part of energy consumption in residential houses, we investigate real efficiency of the system for an advanced air-conditioning system design.
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野原 徹雄, 石松 慎司, 雑賀 高
原稿種別: 本文
p.
371-372
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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Carbon Dioxide (CO_2) is one of the main causes for global warming by fossil fuel. The 3rd session of the Conference of the Parties (COP3) has made a decision to decrease CO_2 for each developed country. Fuel cell vehicles have a potential to decrease CO_2,protect environment, and also contribute to CO_2 business. This paper describes the possibility of fuel cell vehicle with an ammonia onboard reformer system and also the possibility of the ammonia as an alternative fuel for fuel cells.
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石松 慎司, 野原 徹雄, 雑賀 高
原稿種別: 本文
p.
373-374
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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This paper describes the properties of the ammonia reformer in the fuel cell vehicle proposed in the first report. The effects of the pressure, the temperature, and the space velocity in the reformer on the hydrogen conversion rate and the residual ammonia concentration have been investigated. To reduce the residual ammonia the authors have designed and made an ammonia separator that is necessary even in the optimal condition obtained in the experiment. The separator can be consequently demonstrated to be practical, because it has achieved that the ammonia concentration in the outlet of the separator was below a measurement limit at a temperature of about 25℃.
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染矢 聡, 宗像 鉄雄
原稿種別: 本文
p.
375-376
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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Interface tension and temperature coefficient of its gradient between silicone oil (KF96L-2cSt, 5cSt, KF96-10cSt, 20cSt) and fluorinert (FC-40,3283) were measured. They are very important property when the flow affected by marangoni effect is investigated in a laboratory. Marangoni force due to the gradient of surface tension often affects a flow in a crystal growth process on the ground. In order to damp marangoni convection, applying a liquid encapsulation system has proposed. However, even with the encapsulant, marangoni convection may be still a big problem on the micro gravity condition. The interface tension was measured by using a commercial interfacial tensiometer based on the pendant drop method at first. However, its measurement accuracy was not so high for our targets, that is, relatively small interface tension and its temperature dependency. Therefore, the interface tension was also measured with an image processing technique. The standard deviation of each measured value was less than 0.03mN/m.
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杜 東興, 宗像 鉄雄
原稿種別: 本文
p.
377-378
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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To determine the temperature field in an induction heated crucible is of great importance for studying the crystal growth process in the Czochralski system. For this purpose, experiments were carried out under different induction RF currents to study the temperature distribution in the graphite crucible in a Czochralski furnace. Corresponding numerical calculations were also performed and the numerical results agreed well with experimental ones. It can be found that besides radiation, the natural convective and conductive heat transfer inside the furnace also play important roles to the temperature distribution of the crucible.
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柿崎 和志, 前田 哲彦, 石川 本雄
原稿種別: 本文
p.
379-380
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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The mangetohydrodynamic flow in a liquid metal MHD generator is investigated numerically at several kinds of magnetic flux density distribution. The 80% of the highest efficiency was obtained on the condition that a magnetic flux distribution is uniform. On the contrary in the case of non uniform magnetic field condition. It is observed that the eddy current and M-shaped Hartmann velocity profile at where magnetic flux density changes rapidly and efficiency is lower due to it.
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岡崎 康正, 赤松 正人, 日向野 三雄
原稿種別: 本文
p.
381-382
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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Two-dimensional numerical computations were carried out to clarify the influence of magnetizing force for the heat transfer of air in a vertical cylindrical container with the thermal and vertical magnetic field gradients under a non-gravitational field. In these numerical computations, several sizes and locations of a circular electric coil were tested. In a non-gravitational field, the heat transfer of air was able to be controlled by the magnetizing force. The Nusselt number in a non-gravitational field was increased in comparison with that in a gravitational field.
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Jamshid POURESFANDIARY CHAM, 日向 滋, 姫野 修廣, 櫛谷 尚紀
原稿種別: 本文
p.
383-384
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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The double diffusive natural convection inside a two dimensional horizontal concentric annulus that is firstly containing a stably stratified solution is numerically investigated by using a finite element method calculation code. The cavity is exposed to a constant heat flux rate from the inner cylinder whilst its outer cylinder is cooled by a constant temperature medium. A dimensionless parameter is determined such as a different form of the Rayleigh number which is base on a length scale that is a vertical displacement of a heated element of the fluid in a stably stratified solution under Neumann boundary conditions. In each case the calculation results are compared with the related experimental results. In order to confine the calculated conditions to the experiments, the real concentration profiles that are reported during the experiments are used. More over the calculations are conducted by using a linear concentration profile too. Hereby the effects of the initial concentration on the flow patterns and the physical characteristics of the fluid can be more understood. The time wise variation of the average heat transfer coefficient is calculated and compared with the experimental results for each case.
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小宮 敦樹, 松本 聡, 依田 真一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
385-386
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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This paper describes a novel model of transition mechanism from steady to oscillatory thermocapillary flow in liquid bridge configuration. The velocity distribution on free surface of high Prandtl number (Pr) fluid is mainly considered in this transition model. In order to evaluate the model, two-dimensional calculations with the wide range of liquid bridge size have been done. The thermophysical properties of Pr=67 fluid (5cSt Silicone oil) are used for the calculations. The results indicate that the velocity distribution on free surface is affected by the difference of inner flow pattern, which depends on the liquid bridge size. This result finally derives a novel parameter which indicates the transition phenomena with wide range Pr number fluids.
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松本 聡, 小宮 敦樹, 林田 均, 夏井 秀定, 安廣 祥一, 今石 宣之
原稿種別: 本文
p.
387-388
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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The experimental study on thermocapillary convection of low Prandtl number fluid was carried out to investigate the transition behavior to oscillatory flow. The half-zone liquid bridge of molten tin was used as a test fluid. It can be detected that the steady thermocapillary convection changes to oscillatory under certain condition. In addition to experimental work, a numerical study was also performed to understand the experimentally observed temperature fluctuations. It could be experimentally detected that a slow oscillation (∿0.02Hz) appeared after the onset of oscillatory flow, and then the oscillation became faster (∿0.3Hz) when the temperature difference ΔT increased. The numerical simulation which traced the experimental temperature history for boundary conditions could explain the experimental result very well.
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桃瀬 一成, 蓬原 裕樹, 木本 日出夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
389-390
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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Numerical analysis has been carried out to investigate the behavior of 3D natural convection in a differentially heated rectangular enclosure with 8 height/width aspect ratio. Parameter study as a function of Rayleigh number has been performed to determine the critical Rayleigh number, which marks the transition from steady flows to time-periodic flows. As a result, it is revealed that 3D critical Rayleigh number is evaluated 4.0×10^5≤Ra_c<6.0×10^5,which is higher than 2D critical Rayleigh number 2.9×10^5. The results indicate that 3D flows become more stable than 2D ones.
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久保 英士, 辻 俊博, 山内 敏文, 服部 康男
原稿種別: 本文
p.
391-392
発行日: 2003/11/10
公開日: 2017/06/19
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A time-developing natural convection boundary layer flow on a vertical flat plate from laminar to turbulence has been calculated with a direct numerical simulation. The profiles of mean and fluctuating fluid components obtained in the turbulent region are coincided with the existing measurements, when the comparisons are made for the Grashof number based on the integral thickness of the boundary layer. Consequently, it is expected that the direct numerical simulation of time-developing flows can provide various information with regard to the turbulent natural convection boundary layer.
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