The object of this study is to investigate and observe characteristics of heat transfer phenomena of turbulent combined-convection boundary layer in a pipe by means of direct numerical simulation (DNS). DNS is carried out under two wall thermal conditions, where the wall of pipe is heated from midstream of field by an isothermal or an isoheat flux condition. On the other hand, the fully-developed velocity boundary layer is given at the inlet of pipe, but the velocity boundary layer is affected by thermal field due to the existence of buoyancy. Thus, a secondary flow and an asymmetrical distribution of velocity field can be observed in the downstream region due to the buoyancy effect. As for the thermal field, distribution of mean temperature and Nusselt number in the entrance region of thermal field are clearly shown by DNS, in which the effect of different of wall thermal condition is also observed. In the downstream region, since the velocity and thermal fields interfere mutually, it can be observed occurrence of complex turbulent heat transfer phenomena. Therefore, DNS reveals characteristics and structures of combined-convection turbulent boundary layer in a pipe.

Observation of a dry patch and measurement of heat transfer surface temperature and heat flux distributions during nucleate boiling in shallow water pool was performed to clarify the critical heat flux (CHF) mechanism using the heat transfer surface with deposition layers. It was shown that the dry patch generated by the evaporation, spread and caused the burnout of the heat transfer surface. In addition, similar heat transfer surface temperature and heat flux distributions were observed at the burnout in a usual depth pool nucleate boiling experiment. The result means that the spread of the dry patch is one of the important phenomena in the CHF mechanism for nanofluids.

Several methods have been used for non-invasively visualizing structures inside our body. We have proposed a new method named laser-scanning thermography that visualizes information under the surface using difference in thermal transport properties of tissues including blood perfusion. To experimentally examine the feasibility of this method, we carried out an experiment to detect the presence of an aluminum rod in an agarose gel by heating the surface of the gel with a sheet laser and measuring the distribution of surface temperature with an infrared camera.

This paper describes examples of measurement of thermophysical properties of special soil and examples of preparation of Ground Source Heat Reference Map in Okinawa. The past study proposes the creation of the ground source heat pump (GSHP) potential map for the selection of suitable position. Although this potential map evaluates areas where the groundwater flow velocity is fast as a region with high heat extraction ability, it is difficult to accurately evaluate groundwater flow. For Reference-map does not consider the influence of the groundwater flow, it is effective when the designer guarantees the minimum performance of the GSHP system.

An experimental study has been performed by observing emulsion droplet behavior and secondary droplet behavior, and by measuring the emulsion droplet temperature. The emulsion was W/O (water-in-oil) type, the base fuels were n-dodecane, n-tetradecane and n-hexadecane. In this study, the effects of base fuel were mainly examined. When the boiling point of base fuel increased, the waiting time for disruptive micro-explosion was be shortened, and the droplet temperature just prior to disruptive microexplosion increased. The scattering velocity of secondary droplet had certain relationship with total waiting time for disruptive microexplosion.

We demonstrated selective amplification of acoustic power by utilizing thermoacoustic effects.

As acoustic amplification device, a straight resonator tube connected with looped tube was investigated. In experiments, measurements of frequency characteristics, sound pressure, particle velocity, and acoustic intensity were carried out. It was found that when the node of velocity amplitude in the straight tube was connected with the inlet of looped tube, the sound intensity was amplified more efficiently. Summarizing these results, the performance of proposed selective amplification was discussed in relation the resonance tube geometry.

This paper is concerned with a pipe blockage caused by freezing of drain water. In cold districts, snow on the roof melts because of the building's heat and flows down through a drainpipe. However, when the outside temperature is sufficiently low, the water inside the drainpipe freezes, possibly blocking the drainpipe with icicles. We developed a drainpipe that can prevent pipe blockage without heat sources, just by improving shape of the drainpipe inner wall. In addition, we confirmed that the anti-freezing effect could be improved with changing outlet shape of the drainpipe.

This paper describes a heat transfer enhancement around heating components such as electrical devices by the pulsating flow. This report especially tries 2-dimensional numerical analysis of pulsating flow around an array of several heating components mounted in the rectangular enclosure. In this report, visualization of flow and temperature field around the array of the component was especially conducted.

It was found that the application of pulsating flow changes the flow pattern between the component and this affects to the temperature distribution around the components.

Considering the control of greenhouse gas emissions associated with electricity supply, it is necessary to expand the introduction of renewable energy. Furthermore, although problems of oil depletion are occurring, approximately 80% of Hokkaido residences use oil heating. Therefore, in this research, in consideration of the spread of heating appliances using electricity, we construct a system to cover heat demand using heat pump. We develop a computer algorithm to optimize the capacity of the power supply and the introduction capacity of the thermal equipment when distributing solar power generation and wind power generation over a wide area in this system. As a result, we propose the configuration of electric power system with high renewable energy ratio and arrangement of equipment.

Bouyancy instability at the reaction front in acetic acid and sodium hydroxide system has been studied using visualization with adding indicator and laser speckle method. From the particle image velocimetry analysis, it was found that the suitable tracking size and grid size to capture the displacement of laser speckle patterns in this chemical reaction were 101 pixel and 5 pixel, respectively. When the plumes were generated at the reaction front, the positive displacement of the laser speckle patterns were observed because of Rayleigh-Taylor instability. As time elapses, the negative displacement of laseser specke patterns were also observed because of Salt finger convection due to concentration of sodium acetete at the reaction front.

As electronic devices become simultaneously smaller and faster, thermal management for such products requires innovative solutions, which should take into consideration ever more stricter size constraints. However, form factor is not the only challenge in designing such cooling systems, as the evaluation of cooling performance also relies on the power output of the device being cooled. Given the increased complexity in nowadays IC components (e.g. BGA's, FPGA's, FET's), properly determining their power dissipation became a challenge. Thus, this work focuses on a novel method for measuring power dissipation of higher complexity electronic devices, by employing a novel heat flux sensor in conjunction with analytical thermal models.

Regenerative function of composite catalysts containing NiAl₂O₄ spinel (NAO) were examined by temperature programmed reduction and analysis of crystalline structure. It was confirmed that, when NAO was reduced by H₂ at about 800 °C, fine Ni particles precipitated from NiAl₂O₄ and became highly dispersed on γ-Al₂O₃, and conversely when it was oxidized, the precipitated Ni particles dissolved into γ-Al₂O₃ forming NiAl₂O₄. Furthermore, NAO added with Ru (RNAO) increased the amount of regenerating NiAl₂O₄ and reduction rate at lower temperature than NAO. By evaluating the reforming activity of toluene with RNAO, NAO and Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ based on kinetics and thermodynamics, reduced RNAO and NAO showed from 1.5 to 3.0 times higher activity than the conventional Pt/γ-Al₂O₃. Additionally, the activity of RNAO did not decrease after several times regeneration.

The discovery of hybrid perovskite can lead to the net-generation energy conversion platforms due to ultra-low thermal conductivity and large Seebeck coefficient. However, optimization of enhanced electrical conductivity is still challenging. In this work, we study growth parameters and thermoelectric properties of a coated CsSnI₃ perovskite thin film. We investigated the effects of mixing time, heating temperature and heating time on the properties of a perovskite film. We measured thermoelectric properties near room temperature and found that growth parameters influence the crystal grain size further the value of figure of merit. Our results shows that the best ZT about 0.086 at room temperature for sample with solvent mixing time about 5 h, heating temperature about 100°C and heating time is 10 min. These result and analysis are preliminary. In future, our plan is to optimize the growth parameters such as spin coating conditions, heating temperature and time to enhance the value of ZT.

This paper investigates blast mitigation mechanism of stratified layered particles inside straight tube. Due to difficulty of steady-state analysis of blast waves, the configuration of numerical target is simplified to the propagation of vertical shock wave. In addition, CFD results are compared with Curved Shock Theory (CST) to analyze the flow field and mitigation mechanism. The shock wave is curved and mitigated due to the effect of drag force at the bottom of tube in CFD results, and the flow field is well predicted by CST. Therefore, mitigation of shock wave can be explained by shock propagation in curved form.

This study is performed to examine experimentally the influence of dilution gas addition on the burning velocity of ultra-lean hydrogen added propane air premixed meso-scale spherical laminar flames, whose equivalence ratio φ is 0.5 and hydrogen additional rate δ_H is 0.8. N₂ and CO₂, dilution gas, are adopted as simulated EGR gas. The flame radius rf and the burning velocity S_Ll of meso-scale flames in the range of r_f approximately from 1 to 5 mm are obtained by using sequential schlieren images recorded under appropriate ignition conditions. It was found that S_Ll normalized by the laminar burning velocity at the same r_f tends to increase with a simulated EGR gas additional rate.

We experimentally examined large-scale fluid motions generated near a pool of fire plume with ethanol under conditions of limited ventilations. The velocity vectors in a vertical plane of the plume were measured by using a PIV technique. The temporal change in spatial distributions of horizontal and vertical velocities from initial and final stages of limited ventilation conditions showed that the normalized vertical profiles of entrainment rate of ambient air was maintained while the heat release rate monotonically reduces. On the other hand, the vigorous fluid motions, which were estimated by the POD for time-series of instantaneous velocity vectors, revealed the essential change in dynamics of organized motions, i.e., the meandering motions became dominant instead of puffing motions.

In this study, we measured gas molecules adsorbed at the interface between a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite and pure water by using frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy. The gases were generated by ethanol-water exchange method. As a result, we found two types of gas structures, which are micropancake and ordered gas layer. The former one easily moved in the direction of AFM fast scanning, while the latter one did not move at all. Moreover, it was found that the mobility of micropancakes was limited by the edges of the ordered layer and graphite steps.

A simple adsorption refrigerator may improve the total performance of small gas-engine cogeneration system, as exhaust heat can be utilized for cooling during summer. In this research, combination of ethanol and active carbon (Maxsorb) were selected for this operation, and operation characteristics and the optimum porosity of adsorbent bed were studied with numerical analysis. The result shows the porosity range around 0.4-0.5 gives the best performance from the balance between mass and heat transfer in the adsorption-desorption process.

Wall chemical effects on wall-stabilized cool flames have been studied experimentally. The DME/O₂ cool flame was stabilized through impingement of the mixture onto a heated wall at 700 K. By depositing a thin film of the target wall material on the wall surface, a distinct chemical boundary condition was imposed with preserving the same thermal boundary. The cool flame on the Ni surface shows a significant decease in both of the HCHO/CO concentration and flame temperature, compared with the cool flame formed on the SiO₂ surface. These results suggest interference in the low-temperature oxidation process by the surface reaction, showing significant wall chemical effects on the cool flame.

This research aims to propose a detail model of photochromism involved in bilayer metal oxide. The spin coating method was used for the film formation method, and we focused on the combination of the upper layer and the bottom layer. It was discovered that for some combinations, photochromism occurred but for others, it did not. Based on the results, we proposed a model that photochromism occurred in the condition, in which electron transfer was possible depending on the relative band structure of each layer and the position of the Fermi level.

In explosion accident accompanied by detonation, concentration distribution inevitably exists in the mixture. Although detonation in such non-uniform mixture has been studied in various researches, basic understanding on the shock wave flow of a non-uniform multicomponent system such as fuel and air is lacking. In this study, we investigated the structure and characteristics of the shock wave propagating in the mixture of helium and argon with a concentration gradient normal to the propagating direction.

Large-eddy simulations (LESs) of a boundary layer flow were performed using a turbulence generation method based on linear forcing and proportional-integral-differential (PID) control. The characteristics of flow and scalar fields generated by this method were similar to the presumed characteristics of an atmospheric surface-layer flow. Moreover, the numerical results suggested that strong downward flows originating from large scale disturbance above the surface layer strengthen coherent motion in the surface layer, being consistent with existing literature. These results support that this method has applicability as an inflow turbulence generator for LESs of spatial developing flows including an atmospheric surface layer.

The graphene nanoribbon (GNR) with a width of 100 nm or less is expected to be applied in semiconductor devices, but measurements of thermophysical properties of suspended GNRs have not yet been realized. In this study, we use the electrical self-heating method to measure the thermal conductivity of suspended GNRs that are directly synthesized by plasma-CVD. The thermal conductivity of suspended 40nm wide GNRs was measured to be less than 1/10 of that of large sized graphene.

In this paper we created ultra-narrowband wavelength selective emitter with Q-factor exceeding 180. The devices are designed by Bayesian optimization. The mechanisms of radiative transfer emission are clarified by using Rigorous Coupled-Wave Analysis. The optimized structure consists of aperiodic multiple layers of alternating materials with varying refractive index. The obtained structure was fabricated by sputtering and measured by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. As a result, we demonstrated high and sharp emissivity in the infrared region.

Thermal design is necessary to use electronic equipment under a severe environment like inside the car. In the thermal design, we analyze the thermal resistance of each part, and consider the cost, manufacturability, reliability, etc., and reduce the thermal resistance so that each part becomes lower than the maximum operating temperature. Although thermal resistance is an important parameter of thermal design, there are few reports on thermal resistance measurement of the mounted state of electric components.

We focused on coils with large heat generation in the main components of power electronics circuits. We studied the thermal resistance of the coil when dissipating into a cabinet via a silicon sheet from both experimental and numerical analysis.

Detailed overpotential properties of Ni/YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia) anode of SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) were studied based on improved species territory adsorption model, an analytical model of hydrogen oxidation reaction. The variation of each term of model-based overpotential expression indicates that overpotential dependence on hydrogen partial pressure, water vapor partial pressure, and temperature can be mainly explained by the change of limiting current density, equilibrium constant, and equilibrium potential. In addition, the sensitivity analysis of the model showed that the enthalpy related to the oxygen migration process and the oxygen coverage on YSZ have a great impact on current density and anode overpotential.

In this manuscript we investigate how the Green-Kubo relations can be applied to understanding the mechanisms of thermal transport in alcohols. We demonstrate how the significant increase in thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol relative to propanol arises through a proportional increase in both internal and external conduction by the glycol molecule. We further demonstrate how, rather than increasing conduction purely through hydrogen bonding, the extra hydroxyl group on glycol increases thermal conductivity through a more nuanced interaction involving the carbon-backbone as well. This research contributes to understanding of the mechanisms of thermal conductivity in alcohols, and aims to further progress realisation of molecular-level control of thermophysical properties of liquids.

The effective thermal conductivity was investigated for lanthanum sulfate hydrate/expanded graphite (La₂(SO₄)₃・xH₂O/EG) heat storage material. Moreover, reactivity of La₂(SO₄)₃・xH₂O was also investigated. The hydration number strongly depended on the atmosphere condition. The effective thermal conductivity of La₂(SO₄)₃・xH₂O/EG decreased with increasing content of La₂(SO₄)₃・xH₂O, and the effective thermal conductivity measured at around 33°C was slightly higher than that measured at around 116°C. Moreover, the effective thermal conductivity of La₂(SO₄)₃/EG was lower than that of La₂(SO₄)₃・xH₂O/EG at around 33°C. Furthermore, the chronological changes of hydration reactivity of La₂(SO₄)₃・H₂O was measured at 80°C.

For purpose of cryopreservation of fish eggs, we have done freezing experiments of medaka eggs using liquid meniscus. But, we have not been able to confirm hatching of eggs after intracellular freezing. In order to reduce damage due to intracellular freezing, two capillaries were used to extract the internal solution and inject the cryoprotectant into eggs. From the measurements of egg freezing temperature, melting temperature and solidification latent heat by using a differential scanning calorimeter(DSC), it was possible to confirm clear decrease in freezing temperature and release of latent heat.

For the long-term preservation of protein preparations, high quality and high efficiency drying method is required. This study presents a microwave vacuum drying performed at ambient temperatures as a promising drying method. Especially, foam drying was carried out by adjusting pressure and microwave output, and drying morphology, drying time and molecular structure were examined. Egg white and protease were used for the sample, and it was confirmed that the drying time was sharply reduced and the molecular structure was maintained.

In this study, the effects of thermal properties of combustor materials on the system efficiency have been investigated for miniature vortex combustion power system. Using combustion chambers made of duralumin, cupper and SUS, output power, combustion chamber wall temperature and exhaust gas temperature were obtained. It was found that the system efficiency is the highest for duralumin combustor. On the other hand, combustion chamber temperature is the highest for SUS and lowest for cupper. These results indicate that the system output is higher for lower heat capacity materials, and the combustion chamber temperature is higher for low heat conductivity materials.

While it is desired to use natural refrigerants with low global warming potential, one method to improving the performance of the natural refrigerant cycle is the use of an ejector. In this research, we have been developing a high efficiency nozzle under low flow rate conditions to applying it to the ejector cycle of natural refrigerant, Isobutane. In this report, droplet velocity obtained by the visualization experiment in the nozzle using Shadowgraphy. And compared with the velocity distribution obtained from pressure distribution. It was confirmed that the droplet velocity was about 20% slower than the average velocity of the two-phase flow and droplet velocity was not accelerated much.

Highly efficient energy conversion systems for converting solid fuels such as coal and biomass to electricity are required for clean energy production. Direct carbon fuel cells (DCFCs) directly convert the chemical energy in the solid char into electricity without the need for a gasification process. In this study, a hybrid DCFC using SOFC and molten carbonate was developed. As a result, a stable discharge was achieved when a level of carbon/carbonate slurry was low. Meanwhile, the continuous discharge was not achieved when the level of slurry was high. This was because carbon particles were biased toward the surface due to the buoyance, leading to less contact between the anode and the carbon.

Condensation phase change has received increasing attention in the past decades due to its importance implications in applications such as: electricity generation, air conditioning or water desalination, among others. The size, shape and wettability of the micro- and nano-structures present underneath the condensate have been found paramount for the effective design of condensing surfaces with enhanced heat transfer performance. More specifically, in this work we have carried out a systematic study to address the effect of micro-structure shape and wettability on the dynamics and steady state during condensation phase change at the micro-scale by making use of an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy. The distinctive condensation behavior when comparing square and cylindrical micro-pillars is then reported for the first time. We conclude on the importance of the micro-structure shape and wettability for the effective design of enhanced heat transfer condensation surfaces.

A polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) has higher power density than other fuel cells and has been partially put into practical use. However, there are many problems and one of most important tasks is the management of water distribution inside PEFC. To realize this management, we can use Hybrid GDL. There are hydrophobic and hydrophilic area alternately on Hybrid GDL. We know Hybrid GDL causes higher performance of PEFC, but we don’t know about the detail why Hybrid GDL do so. Therefore, we visualized inside PEFC with Hybrid GDL during operating by using X-ray CT machine. From these results, we investigated how configuration of Hybrid GDL inside PEFC affects water distribution.

With rapid development and miniaturization of electronic devices, the internal heat generation from semiconductors becomes significantly denser. Hence, the passive two-phase cooling techniques are being applied in heavy loaded devices. In this study, a gravity-driven R1234ze(E) circuit is experimentally investigated. LISS (Laser Interference Surface Structuring) and finned boiling surfaces are tested in this circuit and compared. The boiling heat transfer coefficient increases by 82% and 36% by LISS and finned surfaces, respectively. Thus, total thermal resistance is reduced by 18 % and by 12% with LISS and finned surfaces, respectively. LISS is a promising technique to enhance cooling performance of thermosiphons.

In our study, we develop a new method how to use cold energy in a cold area. In the system, a basic principle that the volume of water shows ten percent increase when it is frozen. If the air and water are enclosed in an airtight container at the same time, the air is pressed by the frozen water when the water starts to freeze. The pressed air can be stored into an accumulator. Even in a winter season in a cold area, the air temperature outside can across the freezing point in a day. This means that the phase change both from water to ice and from ice to water can repeat in each day. Then, the pressure from the pressed air can be increased in an accumulator due to the repeated phase change. We develop a new cold energy conversion system in this study.

Boiling heat transfer characteristics of different working fluids have been investigated for application to small-scale binary cycle systems. Using a plate-type evaporator with oblique wavy walls, boiling heat transfer coefficients are measured with the vapor quality at the inlet and outlet being 0 and 1, respectively. It is found that, unlike in a circular tube, the average heat transfer coefficient in the present evaporator exhibits pronounced mass flux sensitivity, implying enhanced forced convective boiling due to the oblique wavy walls. It is also found that HFO-1224yd(Z) shows higher boiling heat transfer than HFC-245fa, which is the conventional working fluid for small-scale binary cycle systems.

The adhesion of ice and frost on car windshields and traffic mirrors causes poor visibility. As a solution to this problem, the authors have focused on a method of coating grasses with antifreeze polypeptide, which inhibits ice growth in its solution. In this study, we used polyethylene glycol as a linker between the polypeptide and a silane coupling agent coated on glass surfaces. The polyethylene glycol gave the mobility of the polypeptide. Compared with the surface without polyethylene glycol, the measured contact angle was about 10 degrees lower. As a result of temperature measurement by a thermocouple, the supercooling temperature of the droplet on the surface decreased.

At the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, it is necessary to store seawater containing spent radioactive wastes such as cesium adsorbents safely. Since the increased seawater concentration with temperature affects the corrosion rate of vessel materials as a part of drying phenomena, a two-dimensional drying-process simulation code which installed correlations of capillary action, evaporation rate etc. has been developed in order to predict above-mentioned momentary situations caused by drying. Trial analytical results obtained with the code agreed well with the experimental results obtained under simple experimental conditions using an electric heater and a zeolite packed bed.

Ultrasonic thawing experiments were performed on frozen tissue to clarify the effectiveness of high-frequency ultrasonic vibration for thawing frozen foods. In the experiments, a cylindrical agar gel was selectively used as test sample. Three types of thawing methods were tested; conventional thawing using flowing liquid, natural convective thawing by air, and ultrasonic thawing at frequency of 1MHz with flowing liquid. As the results, higher thawing rate with small increase of temperature in tissue surface region was realized by using ultrasonic heating effects due to absorption of acoustic energy. Summarizing these results, possibility of rapid and uniform thawing using ultrasound was discussed.

The efficient utilization of solar energy is important issue to shift to a sustainable society. In this study, the solar energy harvesting by utilizing stacked thermoelectric generators (TEG) with phase change material has been investigated. A one-dimensional thermoelectric model has been proposed by considering the heat balance including heat conduction, convective and radiation heat transfer, Perltier heat, Joule heat assuming constant solar radiation. The analytical results of electric power generation were almost agreeing with the experimental results. The optimum number of TEG to obtain maximum electric power was clarified analytically. The effects of concentration ratio of solar radiation were also discussed.

We conducted the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations for a system where liquid molecules were sandwiched between two solid walls, and examined the local heat flux defined in a liquid-solid interface by imposing a temperature gradient between the walls. The aim of this study was to reveal the heat flux defined locally in three-dimensional space in a liquid-solid interfacial region, and to obtain an atomistic picture of the heat transfer through the liquid-solid interface based on the local heat flux. The results suggested that the heat flux is not uniform in the plane normal to the heat conduction direction in the liquid-solid interface.

It is not clear how the dissolved air works and affects heat transfer because the phenomenon is complicated with respect to forced flow boiling. This paper deals with subcooled flow boiling experiments using different inlet subcool temperature in the Perfluorohexane (PFH) in order to clarify its effects on flow boiling heat transfer through a tube with an inner diameter of 4 mm, excess temperature, boiling curve. In order to investigate the factors of the influence, we investigated the change of the boiling curve at local heat transfer coefficient, and the temperature distribution in the axial direction of the metal heat transfer tube. As a result, dissolved air was shown to affect boiling characteristics as boiling curve. In particular, dissolved air significantly affected the boiling curve in the low heat flux region. We found a two-stage overheating drop before occurrence of developed nucleate boiling in case of saturated dissolved air condition. Dissolved air also significantly affects the onset of boiling. These effects lead to increasing generation of bubble. It is considered that nucleate boiling disappears near the inlet of the metal heat transfer tube due to the high inlet subcool temperature, and then the second nucleate boiling occurs.

Heat transport characteristics of three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe (3D-PHP) have been investigated experimentally. The 3D-PHP consists of 2-layer tube banks and a heating section made of a copper block. Each layer has 5 turn flow path, and they are inter-connected. The heating section was heated from bottom, and the tube bank section was cooled by air flow. Ethanol was used as the working fluid, and filling ratio was 50%. The 3D-PHP was tested for various air velocity, heat inputs and length of heating section. The results show that the start-up condition and thermal resistance were influenced by the length of heating section when heat input was low. However, when heat input was high, the effect of the length of heating section was not significant.

Nano-sized GDC (gadolinium-doped ceria) particles are introduced into porous LSCF (La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.2Fe_0.8O₃) cathode of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) by infiltration technique and their effect on the electrochemical performance is investigated using impedance spectroscopy and microstructural analysis. It is found that the infiltrated cathodes have higher electrochemical activity than LSCF cathode. From the microstructural analysis it is indicated that the infiltrated GDC particles form triple-phase boundary on the LSCF surface, and this enhances electrochemical activity of the cathode.

This paper describes hybrid heat pump air-conditioning system(GeoSIS HYBRID). GeoSIS HYBRID is hybrid heat pump system combining ground source heat pump (GSHP) and air source heat pump (ASHP) . GSHP air-conditining system use stable underground heat throughout the year and can be operated without being outside air temperature. But install costs of underground heat exchange is expensive. We reduce install costs of underground heat exchange and build the interlocking control in accordance with the outside air temperature and load change by GeoSIS HYBRID.

Heating of the upper portion of a vertical tube packed with the porous particles supporting a catalyst where the bottom is immersed in liquid methanol causes steady upward fluid flow due to capillary action enhanced by evaporation. The emergence of a dry region and a resulting increase in temperature can produce hydrogen gas due to catalytic reaction. The distributions of the liquid content, flow rates, pressures, and temperatures of liquid and vapor in the bed are calculated using a one-dimensional theoretical model. The experimental results indicate the validity of the process.

In this study, a new magnetic material is made by microencapsulating the Temperature-sensitive magnetic fluid. Microcapsules are made by dissolving the organic solvent, polymer, Temperature-sensitive magnetic fluid, dropping it into pure water and stirring with a homomixer. The prepared microcapsules are observed with SEM. Fluorescence observation of particles and visualization of flow field are performed by mixing fluorescent dye in microcapsules. As the results it was confirmed that microcapsules form clusters by supplying a magnetic field. A self-made magnetic capsule containing a fluorescent paint could be visualized in a flow field with a magnetic field supplied.

It was shown that PIV measurement is possible by adjusting the particle density.

The mechanism of Pulsating Heat Pipe (PHP) is still unclear because of its complex thermal fluid property. This study executes the visualization of temperature distribution and pressure measurement inside the PHP. Temperature Sensitive Paint (TSP) is painted on the optical window. The TSP is excited by UV LED light and the luminescence intensity is captured by CMOS camera. The fluid and wall temperature inside the PHP is measured instantaneously. When the flow was oscillating, the temperature and pressure at an arbitrary point inside the channel was fluctuated. On the other hand, when the flow was circulating, the temperature and pressure at the channel became stable apparently. Therefore, FFT analysis was performed on the circulating flow.