Flow field of confined nonpremixed flames has been investigated to evaluate the combustion characteristics and emission of nitric oxide (NO_x) gases. Recirculation flow formed at the flame surrounding is responsible for flame dilution due to the entrainment of burned gases. The experimental results show that the Emission Index of NOx (EINOx) is inversely proportional to the mass rate of burned gases entrained to the flame by the recirculation flow. The use of Eddy Dissipation Model for reaction of propane/air in numerical calculations has led overestimation of temperature along the flame axis, attributable to the k-epsilon model used in the turbulence modeling.

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We previously proposed an arrayed vertical motion system based on a tulip-shaped electrostatic clutch for haptic display [1, 2]. The system has an advantage that it is able to operate individually arrayed elements with high-power and large displacement (Output:several N, displacement: 20 μm). However, it can not provide the multiple value of the vertical displacement. This time, we newly developed two-displacement transmission mechanism on it to control the projection displacement individually.

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