Khiva is situated on the left of the Amudar'ya River (the former Oxas), and is old capital of Khiva-Kan Kingdom in 16th century. It is one of important oases in the Central Asia. Recently, authors had opportunity to survey actually, and wheel ruts of chariot are confirmed. The ruts have about 1,450 mm wheel gage, exactly tread. They are nearly equal to standard railway gage of 1,435 mm.

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Axles for aircraft, automobiles, and horse wagons do not rotate. From the chariot of around B.C. 2,000 to horse wagons of the wild west, axles for vehicles have not rotated except for the railroad. Why and when railroad axles started to rotate is the subject of this report. Stevens' locomotive exhibited in the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago is called the first locomotive to run on a track in America in 1825 and has stationary axles. On the other hand, Locomotion by Stephenson in England, which was the first train on a public railroad in England in 1825, has rotational axles. In the US, all axles seem to have started to rotate around 1834, when the Mississippi was inaugurated. This report tried to investigate the reason for the beginning of railroad axle rotation.

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The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers(JSME) published a booklet titled "Memorials in Mechanical Engineering -Machine Tool Edition-" in July 1997, celebrating the centennial anniversary of the Society. Very recently, the JSME decided new publication similar to the preceding booklet. This time, industrial heritages of railway, particularly of steam locomotives are to be dealt with. This report intends to introduce the planning of new booklet by listing up significant steam locomotives to be compiled. The characteristics of each enlisted locomotive is herewith explained in view of history of technology.

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The Japanese views of technology and science are different a little from the views in European and American because modern technologies and sciences were introduced into Japan at a time in the latter half of the 19th century. The fact was missed the natural relation between technology and science. Japanese have believed that technology and science develop individually without special connection, at least, technology is a just tool for developing science until Japanese become aware of the difficulties in new creation of technology or science. Japanese must make researches what the special connection in technology and science is for new creation in science and technology. Some proportions are made for building the natural relation between technologies and sciences in this paper.

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Resently, many mechatronics engineers are required by the progress of mechatronics. Also, it is requested that they have high creativity. In order to train such an engineer, mechatronics practice was started newly from this year in our school. In this report, the sontents of that practice are shown.

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In order to educate for practiced engineers, curriculum of creativity education by manufacturing was founded. This curriculum is an introduction into the robot production done by the fourth grade students. In this paper, introduction of creativity education by manufacturing at lower classes in department of computer and control, Oita National College of Technology is described.

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Recently, CAI (computer aided instruction) has come to be noticed as one of the most powerful and useful means of instruction with computers in the scenes of many enterprises as well as education. It is an absolutely necessary and indispensable system to the education sites where the learners are to study individually. In Oita National College of Technology, the decrease of study-hours in one academic year according to the national strategy demands the necessity of effective learning. So, our laboratory has attempted to develop CAI system for these several years. In this research paper, the procedure, method and the results of production is reported.

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In previous report, on the author of bulletin "engineering education" of the Japan engineering education society which is science group who concerns engineering education in the perennial, taking the result of Japan Soc. of Mechanical Engineers magazine and proceedings to the 1〜4 report as an element, the analysis was carried out. Some matters are clarified as the result. The result of analyzing the article of the society magazine this time is reported.

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In 2000, a new educational program was introduced to our college. Under this program, students are educated to be technological engineers characterized by creativity, self-development, interdisciplinarity, and internationality on the basis of extensive knowledge of basic technology as well as high culture. There is an aim at coping with problems flexible for the goal of developing human friendly technology harmonized with natural environment. The program has produced the more interest of students and improves their learning motivations.

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I regard that the student has the interest for equipment of the operating principle as being to be very important, when the learning is done. For the purpose of the engineering, light and simple refrigerating machine was produced experimentally. As an introduction of basic experiment of the thermodynamics, the machine was utilized.

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