What kinds of influencies on the sport team does the leader's behavior have? This problem makes us reserch the sport team in terms of a Situational Leadership Thoary (SL Thoary). SL Theary emphasizes the relationship between an effective style of leader's behavior and the level of maturity of one's followers. We focus on the "Initiating Structure" in various categories of leader's behavior. And we define the "Initiating Structure" as the leader's endeavor to establish well-defined and well-devised training procedures of a sport team which help one's followers perfom their aims. The purpose of this paper is to identify how the effect of leader's "Initiating Structure" vary with the level of maturity of one's followers. Our hypothesis is that "Initiating Structure" decrease the uncertainty of expectancy and enhance the intrinsic satisfaction of followers in the low-maturity group, but that in the high-maturity group, followers continue the team-activity with high level of expectancy and intrinsic satisfaction however less the "Initiating Structure" is, and a great amount of "Initiating Structure" trouble mature followers and enhance the conflict. The survey was done in July, 1988. Main results were described below, which were sampled 42 basket-ball teams (614 menbers) in junior high schools and high schools 1) "Initiating Structure" had positive correlation with both expectancy and intrinsic satisfaction significantly in the low-maturity group. And the members of the high-maturity group had always high level of expectancy and intrinsic satisfaction with no relation to "Initiating Structure". 2) It seemed that a great amount of "Initiating Structure" had an effect on the conflict resolution in the high-maturity group.

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In this paper, it was assumed that a large effect was expected when managerial behaviors (M. B.) adjusted to job characteristics in the managerial organization of physical education and sports. Based on this assumption, this paper aimed at examining interactive effects of M. B. and job characteristics about the evaluation on a physical education manager. Date were collected from 167 physical education managers in schools and 348 physical education teachers in lower secondary schools and high schools by questionnaire from March to April in 1988. Factor analysis showed that job characteristics were defined by five kinds of dimensions; trouble, autonomy, boundary spanning, ambiguity and repetitiveness. Following results were obtained by applications of hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The summary of the results was shown below: A main effect of M. B. on superiority or inferiority as a physical education manager was considerably large. But several significant interaction effects were found. In the case of self evaluation by managers, interaction effects of job ambiguity and consideration or expressing agenda, repetitiveness and supervision of job accomplishment were significant. In the more uncertain conditions, managers restrain their domestic supervisory behavior and promote independent activity by group members for raising self evaluation. On the other hand, job autonomy had interactive effect with all dimensions of M. B. on the evaluation of managers from the other members. As to the rest, interactions of boundary spanning or job ambiguity and some M. B. demensions were signficant, too. Able managers can accommodate to fluctuations in conditions. Group members feel more strongly the neccessity of adaptable M. B. than managers.

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The purposes of the present study are threefold: (1) To examine the adaptability of life-style concept to the field of sport management, especially sport marketing research. (2) To examine the adequacy of life-style concept as the base of market segmentation in the field of sport marketing research. (3) To type sport consumer by the theory and the technique of life-style segmentation.The AIO (Activities, Interests, and Opinions) approach is used to operationalize the life-style concept. Questionnaires containing 51 AIO statements are administered to a total of 1000 members of a privately owned swimming school. Three hundred seventy-five usable questionnaires were returned, resulting in a response rate of 37.5%. Factor analysis and Cluster analysis are used to identify the overall structure of swimming school member's life-style and the client groups. 51 life-style (AIO) variables are then factor analyzed. The findings of the study include; (1) There exist six factors representing dimensions of swimming school member's life-style. They are named as "Fashion Conscious", "Achievement ", "Self-Control", "Individuation", "Sports", and "Self-Confidence"-factor, respectively; (2) Life-style factor scores are computed every sample to type (segment) sport consumer by the technique of life-style segmentation. They are then cluster analyzed (two-stage clustering approach). As a result, seven clusters (life-style segments) were selected. They are named as "A Sports and Health conscious oriented group", "A fashion and Health conscious oriented group", "A Indifferent group", "A Health conscious oriented group", "A Sports oriented group", "A Individual group", and "A Steady and Individual group", respectively. These findings confirm that life-style is an observable construct and is a group phenomenon. The findings thus lend a strong support for sociologists' contention that life-style is observable and is a group phenomenon. In all, the study suggests that life-style is also a useful concept in the field of sport management and the life-style analysis should be made more use for the field of sport service marketing in future.

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