The purpose of this study is two-fold: The first is, from the viewpoint of improving the quality of sports culture, to regulate the attempt at emotional uplift concerning rivalry and conviviality in physical education as a school subject; and what sports mean by considering the concept of conviviality in cases of rivalry. The second is to suggest the possibility of conviviality and the stages of support to realize this in physical education as a school subject. As a result of a theoretical discussion of these points, we came to the following conclusions: 1. The result was that we took closer notice of the competitive effect in sports activities. In this study we defined rivalry as a regular arrangment of superiority or inferiority in sports activities. We further defind conviviality as the goal of activities not only for recognizing each person's individuality but also for making mutual relationships positive. It is important that the aim of physical education as a school subject is a convivial activity which enhances synergistic effects, such as cooperation and encouragement, including the relative effect on rivalry. 2. In education in the future, we must consider a way in which to urge a system of organization that emphasizes the mutual connection of one individual to another, while remaing concerned about the individual. As for support, we have developed ideas (1) that give meaningful information, (2) that emphasize dialogue and respect for an atmosphere of discussion, and (3) that lead to the assimilation of desirable activities indirectly into self-evaluation by students. Through these supports, we consider that by learning to recognize the exist of one individual to another, a team is coordinated well and as a result of this, voluntary participation and the sense of cooperation show themselves naturally. By repetitive education based on intelligence through experience and empathy which are supported by mutual understanding through dialogue, a flexible associational network system between the team and individual is begun and sports culture which respects a relationship to others is established.

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As originally conceived, normalization has been considered as making patterns and conditions of disabilities life as close as possible to regular circumstances available to individuals. The normalization principle has addressed the situation and needs of mentally retarded. In practice, however, the opportunities for mental retarded persons to participate in sport activity has been limited in Japan society. The mentally retarded persons should be given more opportunities to participate in sport. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the care facilities should influence sport activity of mental retarded persons; how the normalization principle should be in practice in terms of sport management. The information was collected from the facilities enrolled in Japanese Association for the Care and Training of the Mentally Retarded. The total 284 facilities had been surveyed since December of 1994 to January of 1995. The survey covers 22 prefectures in 4 regions; Hokaido, Tohoku, Kanto, and Kinki. The statistical techniques employed were principal component analysis, a coefficient of cor elation, and multiple regression analysis. The results in this study were summarized as follws: 1) The habiritation sections in care facilities superior to the working section in three factors of normalization: cooperation with community, images for community, and personal services in care facilities. 2) The working sections in care facilities does not always have managerial resources. It is necessary for working section to have good cooperation with community, to get mental retarded persons in sport activity. 3) In care facilities which have younger clients, larger number of clients and better cooperation with community, the mental retarded persons tend to spend more hours in sport activity. 4) In working sections in care facilities, the rate of sport hour should depend on the rate of success which results from cooperation with community.

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The job of sports club instructor appears to be highly transient. It can be postulated that a sports club with some degree of longevity in its instructors will also enjoy smoother operation, resulting in a substantial growth in business. It is therefore essential to determine what factors contribute to job satisfaction among sports instructors. The purpose of this study was to define component factors of job satisfaction of sports instructors, to determine the mean of the factors which tended to indicate satisfaction or dissatisfaction and to determine which factors contribute to overall job satisfaction. The questionnaires were administered to a total of 641 instructors who have been employed for more than half a year as full-time instructors in 30 privately owned companies (40 sports clubs) in Kanagawa and Tokyo, Japan. All data were collected from April to July 1993. Three hundred and forty-eight usable questionnaires were returned, resulting in a response rate of 54.3%. The results were obtained by the application of principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis. The major results of this study were as follows; 1. Seven factors were indicated by principal component analysis. They were named job environment, extrinsic rewards, work schedule, relations with supervisor, capability evaluation, organized policy, and fringe benefits. 2. Job environment and capability evaluation tended to indicate satisfaction, and extrinsic rewards tended to indicate dissatisfaction among the mean of the factors. And instructors tended to show overall satisfaction in their job. 3. The result of multiple regression analysis, four factors such as job environment, relations with supervisor, extrinsic rewards and work schedule contribute overall job satisfaction of sports instructors. It might be concluded from the data collected that if management pays close attention to factors such as job environment, relations with supervisor, and payment, the sports instructors will serve the facility for a substantially longer period of time.

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