Object> Importance of astrocyte in epilepsy and dementia is stressed.

Materials & Methods> In 53 MCI people in outpatients, standard EEG are taken and analyzed about their dipoles in each brain structure.

Results> Unexpectedly frontal dipoles are observed in 17 patients, and temporal dipoles are detected in only 6 patients, and other structures are detected in other18 patients, no epileptic abnormalities are detected in only 12 patients.

Conclusion> In the pathogenesis of intractable epilepsy, the important role of astrocyte, microglia, and oligodendroglia is demonstrated.

Especially antiepileptic drugs targeting astrocytes normalization should be made in near future.

A 62-year-old female complained unsteady step and numbness in both lower extremities 4 years ago. Though computed tomography (CT) revealed enlarged ventricles, she was judged that surgical treatment was not indicated. From 1 month ago, she gradually complained gait disturbance and cognitive impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed further enlarged ventricles and aqueductal stenosis. She underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt and improved her symptoms promptly. Though hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis in middle age is rare, it’s important to differentiate from idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). Even in such a case, rapid improvement of symptoms can be expected with surgery.

We administered transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the patient with frontal lobe dysfunction due to Cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome（CCAS）caused by hemorrhage of left cerebellar vermis together with rehabilitation. We set up the device as follows: First, anode was placed on the frontal pole (Fpz) and cathode was on the left motor area (C3). The stimulation of weak current was applied for 2weeks (10 times) and then elactrodes position changed. Anode was on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3) and cathode was on the right forehead, and the stimulation was applied again. With the data we could be obtained from the analysis of electro encephalogram (EEG), we calculated Asymmetry Index (AI) of Normalized Power Spectrum (NPS) at the place of F3 and F4 by using Neuronal Activity Topography (NAT). After the stimulation, marked improvement of his spontaneity was observed and the AI showed a tendency to approximate to the normal group’s. In this case, AI was redressed by anodal stimulation for frontal lobe which connect with cerebellum, and his spontaneity was improved.