In this paper, the changes of facial expression during games was discussed, from the standpoint of behaviorism, using averaged facial electromyogram (AfEMG).
In the experiment 1, subjects played a number selection game of man-machine interaction. When the subject's number was greater than computer's number, the subject was winner and gained money. When subject's number was smaller than computer's number, the subject was loser and lost money. The facial EMG was lateral frontalis, corrugator, and zygomaticus muscle regions on the right side of the face. The AfEMGs were analyzed the moment of subject's winning or losing to 1024 ms. There was no significant differences between AfEMG of the winning and losing cases. But there were clear differences bettween AfEMG of the winning and losing intra-personally.
The experiment 2 was number selecting game without computer interaction. This experiment was designed by the multiple-baseline design. In the phase A, the subject selection a number from 0 to 4. In the phase B, when the subject's number was 0, the subject lost money. When the subject's number was 4, the subject gained money. When the subject's number was 1, 2, or, 3, these cases were cancelled. In the phase C, when the subject's number was 0 or 1, subject lost money. When the subject's number was 3 or 4, subject gained money. When the subject's number was 2, this case was cancelled. Facial EMGs was taken from the corrugator, zygomaticus muscle regions and posterior auricular muscle on the right side of the face. The method of AfEMG analysis was the same with experiment 1. The results of experiment 2 indicated that the activity of the zygomatic AfEMG increased at about 1000ms when the subject won.

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This study examined the relationship between Communication Apprehension and Avoidance (CAA) and career choice as measured by college major and gender. Data collected in this study offers evidence for the claim that significant variations in CAA levels exist between different college majors upon matriculation, but not between genders. In particular, results indicate that pharmacology majors report more fear on average than do foreign language or law majors. Further, results suggest that Japanese patterns of CAA differences across college majors are similar to self-reports of American college majors.

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This study was conducted to examine the von Restorff effect and the influence of isolation on the recall of surrounding items. In the first experiment, twenty-seven undergraduates learned a homogeneous list and a list with one isolated item. Isolation was achieved by changing the color of the seventh item or by substituting an emotional item for a neutral one. Regardless of which method was used for achieving isolation, both the isolation effect and an inhibitive effect on items that followed the isolated item were obtained. The second experiment was designed to replicate the results of the first experiment by using pictorial stimuli that evoke emotion more strongly. The results from twenty-three undergraduates were similar to those of the first experiment. In addition to the isolative and the inhibitive effects, under the emotional condition, memory of the eighth stimulus was notably suppressed by the isolation of the seventh. These results suggest that the emotional tone of a stimulus is a crucial factor governing the degree to which spread to items adjacent to the isolated item is inhibited. A possible explanation is that the emotional shock state produced by an unexpected stimulus temporarily lowers the subject's ability to encode stimuli.

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