This study aimed at examining a variety of challenges when Japanese design industry expands its business to Chinese domestic market. The author conducted a series of participatory observation surveys and analyzed the results from both empirical and ethnographical viewpoints. The research results imply that, in China, direct communications with the chef decision maker in a company by English language, including a rapid price meeting in the early stage, are more effective than Japanese conventional business manners. Moreover, author found that, in Chinese business scene, different types of expectations towards Japanese designers exist based on Chinese cultural background. Those implications can help design practitioners who are thinking about future business expansion into Chinese market.

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Type of not only waterfalling, but also agile development process, are bound to curse fix the requirements specification, then, that to do the implementation. In principle, these are so- called V-shaped in accordance with the process of development. Software is executable knowledge be placed in the real world, and also must be considered to be the target of the design artifact. Use of software is a process of action and reaction by its execution. Through this, recognition and requirements are changing. In this paper, we propose a process of software construction and evolution process model called ΛV-shaped model considering the user feedback process. This model is based on the language game regarded as usage and development be the same, then we handle the process of evolution and adaptation with a focus on aspects of software.

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This study provides an overview of the current state of design thinking. Through a review of the literature, the paper surveys the basic viewpoints of design thinking, paying particular attention to the perspective of design research and design education. Two viewpoints are discussed: the "analysis of design" viewpoint and the "human-centered problem solving" one. The necessity of design thinking to be conceptualized and taught in an effective and practical way has been pointed out. Furthermore, the teaching of design thinking should be comprehensive and attempt to develop design-thinking skills to the fullest. Finally, education in design thinking can be seen as an indispensable research "ground" for understanding and enhancing human creativity and innovation in a wide range of fields.

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