This study aims to propose the research method for evaluating the problems of the road on snowy season and to clarify its usefulness. First, the delay time is defined as an index of road service level, and the method of collecting the delay time data is described. Next, the factors concerning with the delay are shown as road structure, traffic condition and weather. Then, the data are collected from actual traffic survey and road management map and the generating structure of the delay time is clarified by the analysis using quantification theory type I . Finally, as an application of the delay time, we investigate the places that need to improve against snow.

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If we become aware the finitude of deposits of fossil and nuclear fuel and the importance of the environmental preservation, it is necessary to promote use of reproducible natural energy. In this research, the authors clarified the possibilities and some fundamental characteristics of a dropping cold water type air-conditioning system. Where the cold water, made by snow and so on, is dropped from higher position into large space to cool the air by the direct heat exchange between cold water and hot air, and to drive the air accompanying with the dropping water flow.
As the first step of modeling of this type air-conditioning in the large internal space such as an atrium, the authors made a tower of the square pillar with the height of about 10m to make the experiment become simple. The temperature distribution in the experimental tower was imitated peculiar to that of an atrium with solar insolation, and the cold-water was dropped through a shower, fell down and made cool the warm air. To avoid the results restricted to snowy cold energy use, the experimental temperature of the dropping cold water was made into the groundwater one. And the nozzles with bigger diameter of hole were used to prevent the scattering the cold water accompanying with airflow.

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Earthquake is one of the main disasters in Japan. But many people seem to be interested only in earthquake hazard mitigation and preparedness on the Great Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) Earthquake. Although the researches on such mitigation are in progress, there is still lack in research as well as in strategy against the possible hazard due to earthquake during snow periods.
Niigata Prefecture also experienced various fault irrespective sized earthquakes during the snow seasons in the past, which did huge devastation. Nagaoka Earthquake (1961), Niigata Ken Nanseibu Earthquake (1992), Niigata Ken Hokubu Earthquake (1995) and Niigata Ken Chubu Earthquake (1999) are typical examples.
Present study focuses on the hazard mitigation approach against the earthquake disaster during snow season. The hazard situation is mainly analyzed through the survey results based on the inhabitant's concept on the administered questionnaires.

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