Journal of the Japanese Society of Soil Physics

[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

2004 Volume 96 Pages 1-2
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 04, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.34467/jssoilphysics.96.0_1

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Effects of Structural Fe Oxidation State on Physical-chemical Properties of Smectites : Evidence from Infrared Spectroscopy

Dongfang Huo, Claire-Isabelle Fialips, Laibin Yan, Joseph W. Stucki

2004 Volume 96 Pages 3-10
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 04, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.34467/jssoilphysics.96.0_3

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Redox reactions involving structural Fe in smectite clay minerals contribute significantly to the chemistry of soils and sediments. Changes in oxidation state from Fe (III) to Fe (II) alters the clay structure, which in turn modifies the chemical nature of the smectite basal surfaces. These changes in structure are readily observed by infrared spectroscopy. Structural OH groups are progressively lost as the level of Fe (II) increases, and large shifts occur in the Si-0 stretching and bending modes of the tetrahedral sheet. The communication between octahedral and tetrahedral sheets alters the configuration of basal oxygens, as well as changing the charge, pH, and reduction potential of the surface. Infrared spectra also provide evidence for the formation of trioctahedral domains as a result of extensive Fe (III) reduction.

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Point of zero charge of soil clays

Katsutoshi Sakurai

2004 Volume 96 Pages 11-18
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.34467/jssoilphysics.96.0_11

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Settling Pattern, Settling Rate and Zeta Potential of Marine Clay

Fumiyoshi Kondo

2004 Volume 96 Pages 19-26
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.34467/jssoilphysics.96.0_19

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Water retention, adsorption, and microstructure of allophane and imogolite

Jutaro Karube

2004 Volume 96 Pages 27-33
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.34467/jssoilphysics.96.0_27

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Structure of Clay Paste and its Relationships to Mechanical Properties

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

2004 Volume 96 Pages 35-42
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.34467/jssoilphysics.96.0_35

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Discussion in the 45th Symposium, JSSP

Hiroshi Yoshisako, Hisayoshi Inoue

2004 Volume 96 Pages 43-49
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.34467/jssoilphysics.96.0_43

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[title in Japanese]

2004 Volume 96 Pages 51-56
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.34467/jssoilphysics.96.0_51

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Numerical inverse procedure to estimate soil hydraulic properties using Excel

Kosuke Noborio

2004 Volume 96 Pages 57-63
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.34467/jssoilphysics.96.0_57

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There is a big demand to predict water movement and solute transport in soil not only in agricultural but also in environmental fields. To predict water distribution in soil, soil hydraulic properties, i.e. a water characteristic curve and hydraulic conductivity, should be known in priori. Measurement of soil hydraulic properties, however, is usually time consuming and laborious work. Recent improvements of computing power on PC enabled us to inversely estimate hydraulic properties using a numerical simulation model along with experimental data. Spreadsheet-type software, which has a macro language and a solver, is also popular. In this study Excel was used to numerically simulate soil water movement using the finite difference method written in Visual BASIC as a macro function. The solver function of Excel successfully worked with the numerical model to estimate best-fitted values for soil hydraulic properties by comparing simulated results with temporal changes in soil water content measured. The tempo-ral changes in water content were measured with time domain reflectometry (TDR) at 20 cm below the soil surface during water infiltration into loamy sand. A water characteristic curve with parameters inversely estimated reasonably agreed with that with parameters experimentally determined. Saturated hydraulic conductivity inversely estimated also agreed well with that determined by an experiment. Excel would be alternative software to estimate soil hydraulic properties with an inverse procedure.

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T-C amount in soil aggregates under different pressures following substrate incorporation

Yoshiko Muto, Kunio Watanabe, [in Japanese]

2004 Volume 96 Pages 65-70
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.34467/jssoilphysics.96.0_65

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With the growing concern over the sustainable use of soil organic matter, it is important to know the relationship between microbial activity and the physics of soil. This study measured changes in the T-C in soil aggregate and crushed aggregate at sub-atmospheric and atmospheric pressures, following substrate incorporation, to examine the effect of decompression on microbial activity in soil. The T-C decreased rapidly in the beginning and decreased more slowly at later time stages. The decrease in T-C varied with pressure. The decrease in T-C was greatest at a gauge pressure of approximately —20 kPa. The decrease also differed between the aggregate and crushed aggregate samples. These results suggest that the chemical potential of soil water changes with decompression, affecting the vital activity of microbes. Furthermore, soil aggre-gates play an important role in this activity.

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Spatial Variability Analysis of Soil Properties in a Hilly Upland Field

Junichi Kashiwagi

2004 Volume 96 Pages 71-81
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.34467/jssoilphysics.96.0_71

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Spatial variability of soil properties was studied by using correlation analysis with landscape and geostatistical concepts on a 1.2-ha upland field in a hilly area. Soil properties of Ap horizon were examined on a square grid at 14-m intervals and on three transects at 7-m intervals. The CV values suggested that the variabilities of most soil properties were higher than the results reported at any topographical conditions. These large variables depend on the result of soil erosion and sedimentation in response to the landscape. At the eroded area, the thickness of Ap horizon had been kept constant with subsoil by tillage, as a result Ap horizon was composed of different soil materials from sedimentation and erosion effects. The spatial variability of pH, total carbon content, phosphate absorption coefficient, bulk density, stone, sand, silt and clay content could be explained with topographical features ; however, available water content was difficult to explain. Moreover, former properties were distinguished at landscape model units, these contribute to the rational soil sampling system to realize regional soil management. The multiple regression models of total carbon and stone content, using only topographic attributes calculated from a digital elevation model (DEM), matched reasonably well with the observed data.

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Frost Heave of Tetrahydrofuran Clathrate Hydrate on Porous Glass Powder

Kunio Watanabe, Kousuke Yokogawa, Yoshiko Muto

2004 Volume 96 Pages 83-88
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.34467/jssoilphysics.96.0_83

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The formation process of clathrate-hydrate in porous glass powder saturated with THF-water mixture was observed using directional cooling apparatus. When the cooling rate became lower, THF hydrate grew with excluding glass particles and formed lens -like layer of hydrate in the same manner as in the phenomenon of ice lens formation in the freezing of soil. The growth rate of hydrate lens was proportional to the supercooling degree of the growth surface and about one-twentieth the growth rate of hydrate layer in THF-water mixture without glass particles. When NaCl was added into the system, the growth of hydrate lens was inhibited depending on the NaCl concentration.

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Physical Properties of Soils as Influenced by Incorporation of Wood Bark

Burhanuddin Rasyid, Katsumi Fujii, Hiroyuki Fujisaki

2004 Volume 96 Pages 89-96
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.34467/jssoilphysics.96.0_89

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The effect of incorporation of wood bark on three-phase composition of soil, soil resistance, hydraulic conductivity, and water retention was investigated on clayey soil and sandy soil. Application of wood bark was arranged at 0.0 %, 1.0 %, 2.0 %, 3.0 %, 4.0 %, and 5.0 % of wood bark to soil (dry weight basis). Soil resistance was determined with a hand-held cone penetrometer (Yamanaka-shiki Koudokei), the hydraulic conductivity by using the variable head test technique, and water retention by the hanging water column method and centrifuge method. The remarkable result was found in sandy soil such that incorporation of 5 % wood bark produced reduction of 31 % solid phase. The soil resistance was higher in compaction stage than cutting off stage at both soils. In clayey soil, it decreased from 14.4 kgf/cm2 (0 % wood bark) to 10.5kgf/cm2 ( 5 % wood bark) in compaction stage, but it varied in cutting off stage with maximum at 9.7 kgf/cm2 ( 1 % wood bark) and minimum at 7.4 kgf/cm2 (3% wood bark). Hydraulic conductivity in clayey soil reached to the maximum ( 3.5 × 10-4 cm/s) with incorporation of 5% wood bark, however in case of sandy soil it changed inconsistently as addition of wood bark. The increase in water content by 3% wood bark was kept almost constant as 4.13% even in low suction at pF 0.8 ( -0.60 kPa) and as 4.01 % in high suction at pF 5.5 ( -31 MPa) in clayey soil, while in sandy soil, it diminished from 1.40 % at pF 0.8 ( -0.60 kPa) to 0.01% at pF 4.2 ( -1.5MPa). This study demonstrated that incorporation of wood bark influenced the physical properties of clayey and sandy soil.

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Gas Sampling from Waterlogged Peat with a Newly Designed Instrument

Takeshi Tokida, Masaru Mizoguchi, Tsuyoshi Miyazaki

2004 Volume 96 Pages 97-100
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.34467/jssoilphysics.96.0_97

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

2004 Volume 96 Pages 101-102
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.34467/jssoilphysics.96.0_101

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

2004 Volume 96 Pages 103
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.34467/jssoilphysics.96.0_103

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

2004 Volume 96 Pages 109
Published: 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.34467/jssoilphysics.96.0_109

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