Objective: We conducted a survey on the consciousness of heat-not-burn tobacco by pharmacy students to clarify their problems in future support of smoking cessation for heat-not-burn tobacco users as pharmacists.
Method: A survey was conducted for 220 pharmaceutical students who completed the practical training. Their consciousness about smoking was investigated using the KTSND.
Results: The recovery rate was 95.9% (211/220 students). Students were divided into the KTSND low score group (n = 30, 14.2%) or high score group (n = 181, 85.8%). Compared with the low score group, the high score group was reluctant about restricting the use of heat-not-burn tobacco at public institutions and checking the use of heat-not-burn tobacco by patients. However, both groups felt it necessary to support smoking cessation for heat-not-burn tobacco users.
Conclusion: Although pharmacy students consider it necessary to support smoking cessation for heat-notburn tobacco users, students with a high social nicotine dependence may be reluctant to provide smoking cessation support.

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Objective: We classified a cohort of smokers based on clinical background and characterized each group.
Methods: From June 2013 to June 2018, we categorized adult smokers who responded to an online questionnaire at the time of starting a smoking cessation app using cluster analysis.
Results: We classified 5,114 current smokers based on their responses to the questionnaire into six types of smokers according to smoking habits, respiratory symptoms, and physical activity: low tobacco dependence, high activity, heavy smoking, multiple symptom, frequent smoking cessation, and mild symptom types. Smokers of the high activity type were younger with a high level of physical activity. Those of the heavy smoking type were older with a high Brinkman index and history of several past illnesses. The multiple symptom type was associated with a history of bronchial asthma. Those classified as the frequent smoking cessation type had a history of multiple smoking cessation attempts and past mental illnesses. There were many full-time housewives/househusbands among those classified as the mild symptom type.
Conclusions: This cohort of smokers classified according to clinical background showed distinct patterns in terms of age, past illnesses, and occupation.

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Objective: Based on an approach of economics, we estimate whether the non-smoking policy of Japanese pub (Izakaya) would affect Japanese pub’s performance.
Methods: We construct Japanese pub’s panel data (longitudinal data) from 2012 to 2016 including information on customer’s reviews and Japanese pub characteristics by using a restaurant reviews site. Based on the method of econometric analysis, we statistically estimate the impact of smoking policy on popularity of Japanese pubs.
Results: Implementation of smoking cessation did not statistically and significantly affect the popularity of the Japanese pub, measured by the score of word of mouth rating.
Discussion: The estimation results imply that the smoking environment is not a significant factor for a customer to choose a Japanese pub. It may also imply that even if the non-smoking policy decreases the demand for smokers, it would increase the demand for those who do not smoke.
Conclusion: Even if non-smoking policy is taken at a Japanese pub, customer reviews will not decline, or customers will not shift to competing Japanese pubs where smoking is allowed, and therefore the bar’s sales will not decrease. Hence, to prevent health damage resulting from smoking, it can be justified that government, municipalities and customers request smoking cessation to Japanese pub even from the economic point of view.

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