Purpose: To understand the longitudinal changes in smoking and non-smoking behavior of mothers during pregnancy and child-rearing and the actual situation of re-smoking.
Method: The participants included 135 mothers who visited the 1 year-and-6-month-old child health checkup in a city in 2015, whose pregnancy notification forms, 4-month health checkups (4M health checkups), and 1 year-and-6-month health checkups (1.6Y health checkups) had available data on their smoking status. These data were collected from the records.
Results: The smoking rate was 7.4% in pregnancy notifications, 8.1% in 4M checkups, and 17.0% in 1.6Y checkups. The percentage of pregnant women who consistently quit smoking was 55.6%, while 69.4% of pregnant women who quit smoking before pregnancy notification continued to do so until the 1.6Y checkup. The relapse rate at the 1.6Y checkup was 30.6%.
Consideration: Pregnant women who did not smoke before pregnancy notification or who quit smoking were more likely not to smoke until after giving birth. Pregnant women who quit smoking were concerned about re-smoking and required timely support.
Conclusion: Measures to prevent smoking from a young age are important. In future, the maternal and child health policies should be used to grasp the actual situation of smoking and re-smoking among these women and provide support.

Objective: To investigate whether HPH activities for tobacco control in hospitals reduce the smoking rate or improve perception of tobacco smoking among employees.
Method: Among the hospitals that are members of the J-HPH network in Japan, a request was made to four hospitals as the intervention group and six hospitals as the control group, and all the employees at these participating hospitals in 2019-2020 (n = 2,069) were included. In the intervention group, an HPH program for smoking cessation was implemented from January 2020 to March 2021 for patients, communities, and employees. The primary outcome was the change in smoking rate before the start of the study (December 2019) and at the end (April 2021). The secondary outcome was the score change on Kano Test for Social Nicotine Dependence (KTSND).
Results: The smoking rate decreased slightly from 9.5% to 8.4% in the intervention group, and from 10.1% to 9.0% in the control group, but the difference was not significant. The KTSND score in the intervention group remained unchanged at 12 (median, interquartile range (IQR): 8-16), while the KTSND score in the control group increased significantly from 12 (median, IQR: 7-16) to 12(median, IQR: 8-16) (P = 0.001).
Conclusion: HPH programs for tobacco control did not change the smoking rate and perception of tobacco smoking among hospital employees.