The line width (half width) of ¹⁷O magnetic resonance and spin-lattice relaxation time, T₁, of ¹⁷O and ²H nuclei were measured for pure water at 298 K by NMR spectroscopy. The values of T₁ for ¹⁷O and ²H nuclei in the water were constant in the pH range of 1 to 13, whereas the broadening of ¹⁷O-half width occurred in the pH range of 5 to 9. The rotational correlation times of ¹⁷O and ²H nuclei calculated from the T₁ values agreed well with those so far reported. Therefore, the rotational movement of the water molecule is independent of pH. The broadening of half widths depends on the exchange rates of proton in water and the coupling between ¹⁷O and ¹H. These exchange rate constants and coupling constant were estimated from the broadening data. The values of T₁ for 22 kinds of commercial natural water contained to about 1.5-650ppm (mg·dm^-3) as CaCO₃ hardness agreed well with T₁ for the pure water, while the half widths fitted on the curve of half width-pH obtained from the pure water. From these results, the half widths for pure water and ordinary natural water can not use as the factor for a size of water clusters suggested by Matsushita.

View full abstract

Extraction patterns of six organic phosphorus (org.-P) compounds added to a marine sediment were studied using acid-alkali sequential extraction technique. The extraction patterns could be classified into three types : Acid extractable compounds were ATP and AEP (2-aminoethylphosphonic acid), cold alkali extractable ones were IHP (myo-inositol hexaphosphate), DNA and RNA, and hot alkali extractable one was PC (phosphatidylcholine). A portion of IHP, DNA and RNA, however, was not extracted completely because of the bound with and/or adsorption on co-existing organic matter. Approximately 40% of added ATP was hydrolyzed during the extraction procedures, while other org.-P compounds studied were stable and their hydrolysis ratios were less than 2%.
It was found from this study that the extraction patterns of org.-P compounds in marine sediments are strongly affected with the co-existing organic matter and/or with the extraction conditions, and that the acide-alkali sequential extraction technique gives a lower value than the present org.-P in sediments.

View full abstract

In Lake Kojima, the profiles of UV absorbance and dissolved COD obtained by gel chromatography, showed mainly two patterns at the periods of irrigation and non-irrigation. However, the dissolved COD concentration was nealy constant, 6mg·l^-1 in all seasons. Both organic compounds in lower moleculer-weight fraction separated by Sephadex G-15 and relationship between MBAS and D-COD in February, suggested the influence of domestic effluents at the non-irrigation period. Gel chromatograms of experimental model water samples prepared with soil in paddy field suggested that organic pollutants in Lake Kojima were affected by domestic effluents and paddy fields.

View full abstract

We report here on the data and maintenance collected for purification of urban river water by a by-pass flow biofilm treatment plant in the past two years.
Biofilm treatment plant improved on the how to flow. It became clear that removal ratio in BOD, and SS were approximately 42% and 61%, respectively. The strong relation was observed between removal ratio and hydraulic retention time for BOD, whereas did not find any difference from SS.
Removal ratio of BOD, for example, reached a maximum at about 70-80 minutes hydraulic retention time. The suspension of treatment facility, automatically, was caused at a flood stage or unusual turbidity.
It became clear that unusual number of times was 66 during two years, unusual water level was 20 times greater than unusual water quality.

View full abstract

A laboratory automation system has been developed to assist for safety evaluation test under the Chemical Substance Control Law. This system consists of three subsystems ; a monitoring system, an analytical system, and a host computer system. The monitoring system manages the biological test condition. The analytical system functions as the data processing in analysis. And the host computer system fulfills database management and the preparation of reports.
In the present system, analytical apparatus or experimental equipment is attached to a personal computer (PC). The PC performs data transaction as well as data acquisition from each instrument. As a result, data is transferred from each PC to an engineering work station (EWS) via local area network (LAN) and is automatically registered in the database. The data collected from the PCs are managed in the EWS, which plays a role as the host computer, and is used for the preparation of test reports. Besides the above-mentioned features, this system has several functions taking into account the principles of good laboratory practices (GLP).
The present system has enabled to improve operational efficiency and to enhance the reliability of test results.

View full abstract