Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment
Online ISSN : 1881-3690
Print ISSN : 0916-8958
ISSN-L : 0916-8958
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Volume 32, Issue 5
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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Original Papers
  • Evaluation of Dispersal Pattern of Stenopsyche Marmorata in a Basin-Scale Using DNA Polymorphic Markers
    Kozo WATANABE, Sakiko YAEGASHI, Yuji KIKUCHI, Yasuhiro TAKEMON, So KAZ ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2009 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 253-258
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2965/jswe.32.253
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Population connectivity of aquatic organisms is an important factor for sustaining the robustness of metapopulation in a basin-scale as well as for interpreting the properties of respective local populations. We examined the genetic structure of 30 Stenopsyche marmorata (Tricoptera) local populations in 4 catchments in South-Central Miyagi Prefecture, Japan using AFLP markers, and evaluated their dispersal pattern. We constructed a dendrogram using q, and found that 7 populations in headwater were isolated from another area in the basins. Although previous studies on S. marmorata adult flight within streams reported most of the females fly upstream along a watercourse after mating, our results indicated high possibility of non-directional adult dispersal due to wind. The results also suggested a strong potential for DNA polymorphic analysis to enhance understanding of the population connectivity and dispersal patterns of aquatic organisms in a basin scale.
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  • Evaluation of Oxygen Consumption and Gross Production Rate in Natural and Artificial Tidal Flats in Ago Bay
    Hideki KOKUBU, Susumu YAMOCHI
    Article type: Original Article
    2009 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 259-266
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2965/jswe.32.259
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The oxygen consumption rates and gross primary production rates in artificial (with dredged sediment) and natural tidal flats of three types (i.e., estuary, foreshore, and unused wetland) were estimated using light and dark in situ benthic chamber methods. The gross primary production rate correlated with photon flux density and chlorophyll a concentration in the sediment. After the construction of the artificial tidal flat by mixing with dredged sediment, chlorophyll a concentration increased from 15.8 μg · g-1-wet to 28.3 μg · g-1-wet, and the biomass of macrobenthos also increased from 24.0 g · 0.2 m-2 to 109 g · 0.2 m-2. The oxygen consumption and gross primary production rates increased from 0.47 to 1.8 gO2 · m-2 · d-1 and from 1.1 to 1.9 gO2 · m-2 · d-1 respectively.
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  • Distinction of Cryptosporidium Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization and Fluorescence Antibody Staining
    Atsushi HASHIMOTO, Shigemitsu MORITA, Tsuyoshi HIRATA
    Article type: Original Article
    2009 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 267-272
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2965/jswe.32.267
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied to the specific detection and distinction of Cryptosporidium oocysts by microscopic observation. High fluorescence was observed using the DIAG-CRYR1 probe targeting 18S rRNA partial sequences to distinguish Cryptosporidium spp oocysts from Cryptosporidium parvum HNJ-1 oocysts. Combining FISH with fluorescence antibody staining, DAPI, and differential interference contrast observation was valuable for the easy differentiation of Cryptosporidium oocysts by microscopic observation. Determination of Cryptosporidium variability by FISH was conducted. Heat-inactivated oocysts showed reduced FISH stainability up to 100 hours in both PBS and filtered sewage.
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  • Verification of the Effectiveness of Ulva Salvage Measures for Preservation of Manila Clam Resources
    Akihiko FUJII, Akiko MICHIYAMA, Yoshihiro YOKOYAMA, Masahiko SEKINE
    Article type: Original Article
    2009 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 273-280
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: January 09, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2965/jswe.32.273
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    We ascertained that the sedimentation and decomposition of Ulva sp. (Green algae) affect the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) resources on the basis of the field experiment in the Wajiro tidal flat at Hakata Bay. We also verified the effectiveness of Ulva salvage measures for the preservation of the resources from the calculation of the Ulva growth model.
    According to the field investigation of the survival of the Manila clam, it was confirmed that the Manila clam dies when Ulva decomposes under anaerobic condition and sulfides are produced. In 2007, the amount of natural resources of the clam markedly decreased with the decomposition of Ulva. During the sedimentation and decomposition of Ulva, it was found that for the survival of the clam, a net setup on the ground in the shape of a roof is effective. From the result of calculation using Ulva growth model, as well as the quantity of salvage of Ulva, the quantity of decomposed Ulva decreased, when the salvage was started early. It was shown that the early salvage was an effective preservation measure for Manila clam resources.
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