Effect of sizing becomes lower, in relation to the state of diluted colloid particles. In order to prevent the deterioration, glue or starch is added. As the substitutional agent, the writer used colloid which was made from refuses of shark, or of codfish, such as skin, bone, entrails, and head. He showed that these refuses are useful as supplementary sizing agent.

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The chief merits of kraft pulp are in high strength and low price. I have made graghs showing the state of consumption of soda and heat, in order to contribute to solve the very hard problems concerning soda and coal.
Fig. II shows soda Flow diagram ; Fig. III, the state, of heat balance in digester and diffuser ; and Fig. IV, that in the soda recovery room. All of them show the average figures of real results obtained, during the last three months (Oct., Nov., and Dec.) of 1947, Which are, given as NaOH per ton of pulp.
In Fig. II, we see too much of causticizing loss. We shall be able to dimish the loss 30 kg, for the modern sludge washing equipment is under construction. We are then expecting to have 82% of recovery.
In Fig. III, we see how the steam consumption for processing is high, for, the capacity of the present equipment and its real output being unbalanced, both the diffuser and the liquor become too cold. Moreover, much heat is consumed in the diffuse by pressure drop for low preparation and for the agitation with direct steam. These figures will be cut half, when the equipment is reconstructed.
Fig. IV shows an insufficient operation on account of incomplete state of vacuum evaporater. We are striving to enhance the efficiency of soda recovery and the heat economy of digestion, making the best of the vacuum evaporater, with the Installment of a Waste Heat Boiler. The most important and the last problem how to build a smelter remains unsolved.

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In order to find the basis of the plan of the heat exchanger of a digester, the writer studied the quantity of the digesting heat by calculation, from which he deduced the steam quantity of digestion. He found the quantity of the heat which was transmitted to the digested solution from the heating surface of the heat exchanger. Relying on the basis of the calculation, he explained the method to know the area of heat transmission of the heat exchanger. In the end, he explained by real examples the changes of the quantity of sulphur in the digester, and referred to the gas cooler.

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In this country, Bagasse was first used as raw materials for paper in 1881, in Shizuoka Prefecture. As to Japanese type paper, two kinds of Bagasse paper were made, one of which was made from Bagasse only. The other was white paper which was made from mixtureof Bagasse and Mitsumata. These products were displayed at the Second Industrial Exhibition.
As to European paper, Bagasse was first used as raw materials in February, 1919, by Taiwan Sugar Manufacturing Company. This company made packing paper with 86 inch Fourdriniar paper machine. Several other companies followed this example, and the future of Bagasse paper in Japan was promising.

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