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  Aerodynamic characteristics of soccer balls, particularly drag crisis, changes with the change of the recent panel shape. The change of the flow around the ball brings the change of the aerodynamic characteristics. Various visualization measurement techniques were presented to grasp their characteristics. The change of drag characteristics showed that the boundary layer on each panel which constituted a ball, grew from laminar to turbulent by the oil film method. In addition, the carbon tetrachloride fume method in the wind tunnel experiment and by an ejector were introduced and their findings show that ball wake changed with Reynolds number and showed and the changes of the ball path were related to by smoke analysis in the latter. Furthermore, tuft variation were related to the side force. And also the change of the ball path was related to the low spin of the ball by high-speed video picture analysis.

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  We have carried out the concurrent optimization of discus. The optimization of both skill and equipment is carried out using a genetic algorithm. Discus throwers develop and adjust their skills depending on the discus used. The optimal skill is applicable to the discuses used in their training and those used in competitions. However, the performance could be maximized if the skill and the equipment are simultaneously optimized.
  In this optimization, several visualizing techniques were used. They were PIV, smoke observations, self-organizing maps and the animation. These techniques are introduced.

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  “The Tale of Genji” is a classic literature written in the early 11th century, and has many mysteries such as the author and sequence of working out. This paper demonstrates three visualization techniques of literatures for “The Tale of Genji”: discrete wavelets multi-resolution analysis, text mining for statistical analysis, and story visualization scheme. The discrete wavelets multi-resolution analysis visualizes the variation of the narration by using auxiliary verbs of “Ta-form” and “Ru-form.” A text mining of auxiliary verbs and feature extraction using the Hayashi’s quantification method are applied to visualize the difference between the volumes. The story visualization scheme by the keyword-based statistical analysis succeeds in showing its general features of the story patterns with elegant, sublime, and beautiful atmosphere of the story.

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