The importance of collaborative governance and participatory decision making for sound environmental management and sustainable development has been documented and promoted in numerous studies. This form of social cooperation is seen as central in mobilising the necessary human capital and ingenuity that is needed to dramatically modify current social trajectories and lead towards transformative change. Although the proponents of collaborative governance present substantial evidence to support the effectiveness of these processes in stimulating change, wider attempts to model and replicate the facilitation of such collaborative governance approaches often fail to achieve the same level of efficacy and impact highlighted in the best practice cases. This paper reviews the literature on social learning theory and considers its application (in particular, the third school of thought, i.e. ecologically / sustainability social learning) in processes of collaborative governance. The Social learning is both the individual and collective learning that occurs in groups when they come together to deliberate on, envision and enact some type of collective change/improvement. This form of learning is driven by discourse among group members and is enhanced through action-reflection cycling. furthermore pragmatic and consensus validation serve as the main means for validating new knowledge generation. In the social learning processes, individuals do not just gain “existing” knowledge, but groups collectively codify and elaborate new understandings and worldviews. A procedural analysis of the social learning elucidates the means for facilitating social learning 、within collaborative governance processes in order to achieve the desirable efficacy of such processes As the social learning is not about the formulaic transfer of knowledge Or skill sets,but rather the collective investigation and generation of new meaning and knowledge,the learning approach facilitated in this process must move beyond the rational education models reflected in traditional community awareness raising approaches instead, social learning may be best facilitated through an effort to create the place/group setting and collaborative process that engenders individuals' autonomous participation is such collective inquiry For future research On the social learning in collaborative governance. evaluation will need to consider four distinct factors ― diagnosis, process, learning achievements, and social learning outcomes― to provide a holistic framework for evaluating the Overall effectiveness of the social learning.

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The purposes of this research are 1) to enable students to acquire the knowledge of frame、work concept for building a sustainable society and 2)to foster the abilities and attitudes emphasized by the learning instructions in I]SD for disaster prevention To achieve these goals,ESD practice has been advanced in Kamo Senior High School wile the teachers in Kamo Senior High School designed their lessons based on ESD for disaster prevention and carried them out in cooperation、with other teacher They established the goals. defined the evaluation criterion from the view Of ESD, and analyzed the teacher and student's attitude survey In consequence. this research clarifies that a cooperation and linkage between subjects is effective to enable students to foster the abilities and attitudes for ESD In addition,the result of the student's attitude survey clarifies that in the disaster prevention education based on ESD it is important to focus on 1) making students be aware of their roles in disaster prevention 2)teaching students how to cope with an unpredictable disaster and 3) giving students foresight about disaster and devising ways of preventing disaster.

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The memory of Vietnam War still lingers not only in the minds of villagers in the Mekong Delta,but also in their current social life During the、var,many farmers fought for either the current government or the former government of South Vietnam,、which has led to the division of the villagers into two factions What makes the matter more complicated is growing class differentiation since the launch of economic reform in the late 1980s While those who fought for the former regirne have access to foreign currency sent from overseas family mernbers and relatives who fled the country after the war, those 、without such access feel disadvantaged in the current social and economic conditions with severe competitions Thus,the memory(of the war is tied to changing economic situations the villalgers live in,creating complex village social relationships and political scene,、which hinder kyosei among some of the residents

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Prokaryote,the sirnple living thing,and the human being are connected from the viewpoint of communication practiced in their own species Like a higher Organism, the prokaryote having no 0rganelle speaks by cell to cell communication using chemical compound called quorumsensing lt is suggested that lnclusive Education means the special needs educational monistic system regardless of differences such as gender, race, and disabilities lt was very regretful for a teacher for foreign children in local clementally school that his pupil 、whose parents are from Brazil called himself just a Japanese speaker not Japanese or Brazilian As is shown in the bird community, the song is known as communication tool between inner species Communication is the significant tool for kyosei community on the earth environment by using suitable method for each species and for each individual.

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Students w ho have autistic spectrum disorder(ASD)、without intellectual disabilities are usually registered in regular class and stop going to school,because they cannot get education based on their individual specific peculiarity ls it desirable for ASD students who have hypersensitivity and difficulty in adapting themselves to a group to support that return to regular school training? This study investigates the difficulties、which ASD students confront.especially their inner world, caused by school refusal and how to support them referenced on the report having same experiences A lot of ASD people who write their memoirs felt pain iust Staying in their class and 、were bullied at school Also, they injure own health by striving to adapt for the regular group It is supposed that regular school is not adequate place for ASD person、without intellectual disabilities It is desirable to support the ASD students, we must have various alternatives.

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We call“animal civilization” which exploit the plenty of nature constantly.on the other hand there is a“plant civilization” which has a lifestyle coexist 、with nature The representative agricultural type of the former civilization is the dry field farming、with cattle breeding,on the other hand the representative of the later civilization is the rice cultivating piscatory lifestyle In this representative of the later civilization is rice cultivating piscatory lifestyle、which is based on the rice cultivating piscatory people eating rice、with fish and shells. The lifestyle of the rice cultivating piscatory people has kept the、water circulation of life and created the mind to consider the Others.

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The Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem in the island of Borneo has been disintegrated and fragmented by uncontrolled togging followed by large-scale palm oil plantation development. The State Government of Sabah, Malaysia has developed Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) and established protected areas covering more than 157o of her land for Biodiversity Conservation. However, Sabah alone could not achieve the conservation goal in the present capitalism world. JICA' cooperated for BBECl' Program from 2002 to 2007 with Sabah and Malaysian Governments. Borneo Conservation Trust (BCT) was established in the course of BBEC Program to tackle the fragmentation and disintegration of the protected area ecosystems through acquiring supports from private and public sectors in Malaysia and overseas especially Japan. BCT firstly aimed to develop Green Corridor to secrure continuity of the protected areas ecosystems along the Kinabatangan River. BCT expanded its targets to connect all protected area ecosystems. named as Sabah Mega-Diversity Corridor later. In eight years, 22 parcels of land were purchased. over 400 hectors of private lands are designated for conservation purposes, over 100 honorary wildlife wardens were trained in private sector, more than 8 study tours per a year to the area conducted, Orang-Utan population in Segaliut Lokan Forest Reserve were proven to be steadily increasing and the First Phase of Borneo Elephant Sanctuary was developed. About 60 million Japanese Yen generated in Japan to support BCT mission annually. However, majority of people and executives of large corporations utilizing palm oil and resources from tropical rainforest are unconcerned and quiet on the issue. Persistent efforts to acquire consciousness of people and business executives on the issue are needed to achieve results before the catastrophic ecosystem change occur.

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There exist several turning points in the Organic evolution history of almost 4 billion years The most significant event in this history is the emergence of endo― symbiosis of the prokaryotic organism.The Eukaryote developed from it and many diverse organisms branched out from the origin organism,resulting in so many habitats On the ground Before 5.4 hundred million years ago, the Cambrian Explosion took place, showing different sides of the evolution history..Explosive diverse organisms appeared in the early sea environment,and Anomalocaris was the largest organism among those members Anomalocaris vanished at the end of the Cambrian Explosion, the reason for which, however, is not demonstrated The extinction of the largest organism at that period of dinosaurs occurred before 65 million years ago The reason of dinosaurs' extinction was explained as not only the collision of meteorites, but also as the remittance of the life span of the dinosaurs as the species The global environment calendar is conceptualized assuming that the birth of the earth was at 0 o'clock on the 1st of January and now is 24 o'clock on the 31st of December. homo sapiens were branched from the anthropoid apes only at 3 min before midnight This means that the human being is the newcomer and junior of organisms on the earth how the earth history would continue depends on own living methods We should strive not to blindly follow the steps toward extinction like Anomalocaris did.

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