[in Japanese]

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Automated Guided Vehicle System (AGVS) become more and more significant industrial and scientific applications. Also, these AGVs can be applied to public area using service robots like office and hospital. Since the task assignment problem occurs and the task assignment method of AGVs affects a performance of AGVS, operation strategies of AGVs is very important. In this paper proposed between AGV and station for on-line and decentralized dispatching which improves a performance of AGVs. The protocol is modeled by Petri net to check resource conflict and deadlock problem. In order to conform the feasibility of the proposed protocol, the computer simulation is carried out.

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The policy-making and the enforcement of economic policies which respect the protection of the environment is sine qua non for the sustainable economy. This is also the case for the freight transport policy. On the other hand, we must elaborate the efficient transport system of good quality from the viewpoint of the supply chain management in order to meet the requirements in the freight transport market. One of the solutions is the combined transport. This article presents the discussions on the combined transport system which have been examined from the mid-1970s by European Union.

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It is important to reduce the high logistics costs which had covered 12.9% of the sales in 1997. But most of korean firms have problems to calculate the logistics costs acculately, and use them efficiently.
This study is intended to analyse the logistics costs structures by logistics iceberg and ice ridge in korean firms with the data of KCCI's 1998 survey. And it reviews the concepts, drawing methods and usefulness of logistics iceberg theoretically, and analyses industrial logistics costs structures using iceberg and ice ridge. The results of this study are as follows :
1) logistics cost accounting system is necessary to calculate logistics costs acculately.
2) the size, insourcing or ousourcing, and thr scope of logistics iceberg and ice ridge are different in transportation costs and warehouse costs between manufacturing and distributing firms.

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Because of economic growth in Asian region, container freights of the international transportation are increasing rapidly in the Pacific Rim countries, and each Asian country is making the plans of port improvements respectively. It is necessary for the suitable plans of port improvements to consider the dependency between countries. From the reason, it is considered to utilize container freights between countries for the plans. However the statistics of those freights shown systematically do not exist. In this paper, freights between countries is estimated from the statistics of United Nations and OECD which is systematically indicating international trade.

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It is important for an ocean common carrier to plan transportation service (routes, schedule of voyages, ship' s design and so on). Therefore, planners must grasp the cargo movement between the countries. And it is also important for a port authority planning the development scheme to take account of the movement. But there is not enough statistics concerning the movement. So, we have carried out the research on the estimation and forecast of the container cargo movement between two countries in East Asia, South-East Asia, and between these countries and USA.
The summary of the result is :
1.The method we proposed gives good estimation of container cargo movement and completes the origin-destination (OD) table.
2.The cargo movement between two countries depends on the economical and social conditions of two countries, neither only on export country nor import country. So it is necessary to think over the mutual dependence of two countries in order to forecast the movement.

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Now, Supply Chain Management (SCM) is paid attention to enthusiastically. However, recognition on SCM has very various meanings, and that causes confusion. From now and then, that will be able to be an obstacle in studies and discussion about SCM, hurting development of SCM. Thus, we need to have something to put the recognition in order. That is a goal of this thesis. To write this thesis, literatures on SCM had been broadly reviewed. As a result, recognition on SCM is fallen into two classifications. One is narrow SCM that have only logistical functions. Other is broad SCM that focuses on supply chain processes, have not only such functions.

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Priority is needed to tackle the problems related to truck transportation in Japan because of its highly dependence on trucks for transportation. Assuming that the insufficient infrastructure for the traffic demand on trucks is the main source for urban traffic problems related to trucks, harmonizing the development of both highway and general roads is deemed effective. This paper presents a model, for trucks, for choosing roads in urban areas on these concept. This paper includes the investigation into factors and classification difference affecting the behavior of trucks using the chi square and cluster analysis methods, and also includes the estimates of behavior model for trucks on binary logit model. The effectiveness of adjusting number of samples for the estimation of behavior model using biased samples which this paper deals with are examined by checking its effect by the classification proportional sampling method. This paper also investigates the possibility to apply such methods to the model.

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The purpose of this paper is to verify the effectiveness of physical distribution strategy by the throughput time compression.
The research did show some problems although it approved the hypothesis. In verify the hypothesis the research used the correlation analysis.
As the result, the physical distribution strategy by the throughput time compression concluded to be effective. In the future, to be successful the physical distribution strategy, we must to be build progressive supply chain logistics systems.

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The delivery of consumer goods and commodities to stores in order to support urban lives is one of the most vital activities in the city. Efficient urban goods movement starts with an efficient system for loading/unloading, pick-up/delivery, and commercial truck which may be carried out parking spaces. In this paper, a simulation analysis using the WITNESS simulation package was performed for each type of improvement in the delivery system, loading/unloading system, and the commercial truck with the aim of reducing the waiting time of trucks in the parking lot, and decreasing the withholding time of goods in the parking spaces of commercial districts

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The purpose of this paper is to make clear of the structure of physical distribution industry in the European Union (EU) and to analyze the influence of policies for physical distribution of the EU and integration of the EU market. The physical distribution industry in the EU is characterized by the combination of a large number of small trucking companies and a small number of large freight forwarders and small package carriers that have European wide networks. The structure of the industry is greatly influenced by the common policy such as “liberalization and harmonization” and “sustainable mobility” and shippers needs for wider networks of distribution. The important trends of the structural changes are more efficient transport by deregulation and abolition of the border, progress of the bipolarization trough market competition and the possibility of rail transport by the promotion policies for rail freight and combined transport.

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The logistics system in which the Main transportation is truck in our country, has environmental problem to be taken into consideration. As a means for the sake of the innovation, traffic modal choice etc. are all considered. Through the case study of Seto Inland Sea region existing geological characteristic were found many kinds of transportation modes existing in close each other, there is an investigation into the possibility of an innovation of the logistics system including traffic modal choice. As a theoretical backbone for introducing the logistics system which considered the environment, the concept of the green logistics is adopted.
Questionnaires were given to manufacturers, administrations, and a PD traders became interested in the consciousness to green logistics and the investigation of actual conditions. The result has been proven that the PD traders became supreme in the reduction of the logistics cost, also it was not simple to reform logistics system like the just-in-time, including traffic modal choice, etc..
However, in current events, it is proved that the concern of environmental issues is also high, and the recognition about the necessity for an Environmentally responsible logistics is progressing. Then, some political induction and legal force will be required after all for the feasibility of the green logistics.

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