“Nichigin-Tankan” (Business Short-term Economic Observation of Bank of Japan) for judging the domestic economic conditions in Japan is regarded as a most influential indicator for economic condition. As the figures of “Nichigin-Tankan” sometimes makes the prices of stocks and bonds move up and down, it is also said it is one of important indicator that has some impact on economic move.
In this study, I analyzed the relationship between this “Nichigin-Tankan” and “Truck-Tankan” (Short-term Economic Observation of Trucking Industry) which is conducted by Trucking industry and tried to find out their relationship as economic indicators, especially “Truck-Tankan” 's tendency of preceding to “Nichigin-Tankan”.

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It is necessary to establish a system to improve and optimize track services by measuring and analyzing the practical business information. And also, it is very important to know quantitatively about the business level of the company comparing with the competitors. In this study, a prototype system of collecting and analyzing practical information for truck services has been developed. Namely, data of physical distribution can be collected by digital tachographs mounted in trucks. Evaluation parameters for business efficiency, cost and load to environment have been proposed. The useful parameters have been implemented in the prototype system. Then, several cases have been studied to verify them. It is found that this information system can extract the best and average practice to know which business process should be improved more.

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This paper provides an overview of the framework that organizes the trading theory of “logistics” futures and options or logistics derivatives. We began with a discussion of the scope of logistics derivatives, the types of logistics trading activities, and the reason why the study of logistics derivatives is unique. We found logistics derivatives rely on two key platforms : the network infrastructure that truckers and shippers bid against each other by auction pricing or else and the customer interface of alternative forms designed to enable both users to quickly locate and be available of trading information.

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Goods which are purchased by consumers pass through the production and circulation stages of logistics. CO₂ which is one of the major causes of global warming, is discharged during the production and the circulation stages. However, it is not clear how much CO₂ is discharged by each item in the production and circulation stages.
In this study, the CO₂ discharge and discharge rates of each item of goods purchased by consumers in the production and circulation stages are determined in order to clarify important characteristics of CO₂ discharge.

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Competitiveness ranking of our country declines from the 4^th in 1996 to the 17^th in 2000 and especially in finance realm the 2^nd to the 22^nd, in management realm the 4th to the 24^th. That might be caused by not only the long-term economic depression, but also the poor productivity of the Japanese industry. As globalization and price reduction is becoming, reconstruction of management that contains reorganization and restructuring of business is required. We propose the way of portraying business process models as the value process that will be needed when they overhaul supply chain involved in their own business and enforce their competitive business. It will be reported in addition that business models can be categorized by the difference in degree of outsourcing of business process when business life cycle is produced on the supply chain. The improvement of management quality by making of business model and balanced score card can be an effective method of promoting the reform of the enterprise that contains reorganization and restructuring of business.

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Distribution centers managed by public authorities have been designed to achieve global optimization for efficient logistics and to maintain the urban environment. From the standpoint of social logistics, global optimization should be pursued considering both the environment and the efficiency of business logistics. For obtaining the optimal number and locations of the public distribution centers, we adopt the amount of NO_x emitted by trucks as an environmental measure and propose mathematical programming models to minimize both logistics costs and NO_x emissions under traffic congestion. These models are applied to the Tokyo metropolitan area and an appropriate policy for the number and locations of public distribution centers in that area can be proposed.

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The purpose of this paper is to verify the effectiveness of building a logistics system by utilizing supply chain management. The research showed some problems through the case study. As the result, it concluded that building a logistics system by utilizing supply chain management is effective. In the future, to be successful logistics system, we must build an environmentally harmonious logistics system.

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This study makes it clear that a concept of regional logistics needs to be introduced in order to optimize both region and firms. The optimization should be pursued considering both regional environmental protection and efficiency of business logistics. This means that local government should try to reconcile the optimization of business logistics with the optimization of regional environmental management or regional planning. This synthesized concept is called regional logistics and it aims at optimization at the regional level.

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When we make a study of the cases of the recent competitive business models, we can find that they decide the distinctive value for the customer, they design the whole process of the business and they have characteristic mechanism of absorbing own business risk. We call them the integrated supply chain models. In this paper, we examined three cases. They are apparel business, fresh food business and EMS. As a result, we could clarify that they could absorb their own business risks by appropriate product mix and inventory arrangement, by responding to the product life cycle, by synchronizing supply with demand, and by using out-sourcing strategy with using IT.

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This paper present the evaluation with Linear Programming model for some benefit returned by the more introduction of the more faraway crude with the creation of a new lower-cost logistic system for North East Asia, targeting to realize the internationally fair petroleum price in all Asia.
And many refineries at shallow waterside in Chinese continental side will be able to pick up small crude vessels loading the crude flexibly from Okinawa with lower cost for the crude in not only Middle East but also West Africa and Europe.

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In recent years companies try to reduce logistics cost. Trucking companies are now faced to cut-off their fee, because of entry of the competitors to the market. So they try to improve their productivity, using IT and brainpower. Such trends has been described in numerous case but has scarcely tested statistically. To explore this theme, we examine TFP of trucking company in these 20 years. Next we investigate and build a dataset about the financial flow from manufacturing companies to the trucking company in same decades. Successive correlations revealed that Cost reduction of host companies decrease the TFP of trucking Companies.

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The dynamic lot-sizing problem arises in a variety of problem contexts including inventory and supply chain management, but the capacitated problems are generally, NP hard, i.e., difficult to solve to optimality. Here we show how stronger formulations of the problem with production cost and setup time, are obtained by introducing the auxiliary variables via dynamic programming and the derived shortest path formulations. Our computational experiments indicate that our reformulations are capable of solving quite large problem instances within a. reasonable amount of time.

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Goods are sent from producers to consumers through the various types of distribution channels, such as manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers. The goods flow can be divided into the marketing route and the physical distribution route. These route differ according to the characteristics of goods or the amount of demand.
This paper aims to clarify the difference between the marketing route and the physical distribution route according to the types of items.

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The number of SCM research in our country is less than that in the foreign countries. A success of Japanese SCM needs the theory that it is formed in Japan. The theory formation work of SCM is the subject that we must hasten to deal with, and the present is the chance. This research has such a critical mind, and aims at the theory formation of SCM. This paper becomes the first step. In this paper the change in the recognition toward SCM and existing research approaches are shown, then the points of an argument over the theorization and the aim are stated about.

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The opening of the Inchon International Airport brings on a rapid change in the air cargo market and the customer's needs in Korea. This paper has two major purposes ; one is to find out problems of Korean air cargo industry's structure in the future owing to the opening of the Inchon International Airport, and the other to provide a solution of these problems by efficient use of air cargo facilities in the Kimpo Airport.
This paper performs, therefore, (1) to examine current status of Korean air cargo industry focusing on freight forwarders and various expected logistics structural problems between the Kimpo Airport and the Inchon International Airport; (2) to identify the difference in air cargo facilities and systems of well-developed foreign countries as a case study; (3) to give shape to a plan for the efficient and practical use of air cargo facilities in Kimpo Airport.
As a result, it seems reasonable that cargo facilities in the Kimpo Airport uses as the 'Air Cargo Complex' to support the Inchon International Airport.

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The concept of Supply Chain Management is one of the most important themes we have to cover. We might have a few chances to talk about the concept of Business Process Reengineering. SCM concentrates on inter-business relationships, but it isn't fundamentally different from BPR specifically concerning the focus on the business process. Most companies have to tackle reengineering specifically the process of in-company and inter-business relationships. This article will show you how to put the methods of Activity Based Costing and Process Simulator into operation. I am going to explain what these methods are, and how to apply them to BPR.

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It is crucial for the whole logistics system and also for physical distribution facility planning to strike a balance-trade off-between customer services and cost of physical distribution. What must be considered first is how the difference in location of physical distribution facilities (i.e. place, figure, structure of physical distribution facilities) on physical networks effect customer services and costs.
The main purpose of this paper is to indicate the point for location evaluation, and to determine optimum locations for physical distribution facilities.

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