This study aims to analyze the restoration of peasants’ autonomy in the face of evolving neo-liberal globalization. Particularly, the paper examines the concepts of repeasantization and new peasantries based on the framework of Jan Douwe van der Ploeg. The declining autonomy of the peasants due to neo-liberal globalization has led to a multitude of challenges in agriculture and rural communities. Repeasantization and new peasantries can be considered effective strategies for reinstating the autonomy of the peasants. The paper highlights the limited interest of agricultural economists in Japan regarding peasant studies, despite the accumulation of previous studies on the subject. Contrarily, peasant studies have developed substantially worldwide, especially in Europe, focusing on repeasantization and the emergence of new peasantries. Furthermore, the paper explores the changing dynamics of globalization, which encompass the elements of neo-liberalism, regionalization, populist-type protectionism, anti-globalization movements by NGOs/CSOs and localization and examine their relation to the peasantsʼ position in the global scenario. Lastly, the paper discusses the applicability of such a framework to Japan and concludes that repeasantization can serve as a crucial catalyst for transforming Japanʼs struggling agriculture sector.

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Providing education has been considered one of the many functions of agriculture since the 2000s. Today, experiencing agriculture at schools has become widespread, with agricultural experience learning implemented in nearly 80% of public elementary schools as of FY 2009.
However, no nationwide survey has been conducted on the status of implementing agricultural experience learning after 2009. Therefore, the status of its implementation after 2010 remains unknown. This study surveyed public elementary schools nationwide based on the 2009 survey. It found that the implementation rate of agricultural experience learning was 80.4%（n=509）in 2009 and approximately 20% lower than this rate in 2021（59.7%; n=457），indicating that the implementation rate is decreasing．

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