This study aimed to investigate how images regarding criminal law are structured in the public's consciousness, and how these images relate to attitudes toward criminal justice. Using items prepared in the pilot study, criminal law images were measured and regressed using the attitudes toward criminal justice scale. Results from 333 individuals showed that the images pertained to five factors - liberty and rights, norms and morals, body and safety, function of systems, and privileges of a few people, and there were relationships between: 1) the support for harsher punishment and liberty and rights, norms and morals, and body and safety; 2) the support for criminalization and norms and morals; 3) the support for enhanced rehabilitation and liberty and rights; and 4) the support for medicalization and norms and morals as well as body and safety. These results suggest that the public's image of criminal law has an effect on their attitude toward criminal justice, and thus, must be taken into consideration when a criminal policy is enacted.

Children's refusal to hold hands (RHH) with their parents while walking may increase the risk of road accidents. We examined the relationship between children's RHH and factors, such as parental tendency of attachment and caregiving, and gender and age of them and their children. A total of 663 parents completed a questionnaire about their children's RHH in two dangerous and two safe situations, assuming they were walking with their youngest children aged between 3 to 10 years. Parents were also instructed to answer the attachment-caregiving balance scale. The gender and age of both parents and their children were recorded. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the parental tendency of attachment was associated with their children's RHH in both dangerous and safe walking situations. In addition, children's RHH in a safe walking situation was influenced by the parental risk perception. The findings suggest that proper parents' tendency of attachment and caregiving were important for reducing pedestrian-vehicle accidents involving children and promoting their independence.

Japanese schools commonly use "school attendance in health room" as a measure to determine the need for educational support for students facing difficulties such as refusal to attend school. Since this support strategy requires collaboration with schoolteachers, it is essential to examine the associations of their attitudes regarding educational support provision with the relevant psychological and socio-environmental factors. Thus, we investigated schoolteachers' (n=157) attitudes, especially negative attitudes, towards school attendance in the health room program and analyzed their underlying psychological and socio-environmental factors. The current findings demonstrated that negative attitudes were significantly associated with the psychological factors of help-seeking preference and prioritizing the group over individuals during classroom management. The results further suggested that adequate help-seeking preference and perceptions of sufficiently collegial work environment among schoolteachers mitigated their negative attitudes. Based on these findings, we discuss potential strategies, for psycho-educational service provision, focusing on the role of the Yogo teacher.

Support for university students not attending classes or shutting-in themselves has become an important issue for universities. In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted to 384 students to obtain knowledge on such support. The study includes affinity for shutting-in, influence from self-acceptance, acceptance of others and social trust, and also "fear of intimacy" which assumed to be a specific interpersonal relationship with the affinity. In multiple regression analysis, "self-acceptance" and "social trust" indicated significant influence on "affinity for shutting-in" for men and women. "Intimacy avoidance," a sub-factor of "fear of intimacy," was indicated likewise in "self-acceptance" for men and "self-acceptance," "acceptance of others" and "social trust" for women. "Relationship dysregulation" significantly influenced "self-acceptance" and "acceptance of others" for men and women. Different factors influenced "affinity for shutting-in" as well as "intimacy avoidance" and "relationship dysregulation," sub-factors of "fear of intimacy" which is considered to be a characteristics of interpersonal relationships thereof. To provide support in practice, it is considered necessary to identify where the difficulty lies before considering how to get involved.

The purpose of this study is to examine the psychological structure of "images of KENDO" in university Kendo club students. This study included 235 subjects (89 male, 146 female), who were asked to write the 10 sentences that came to mind after the phrase "Kendo is" on a questionnaire. Of those sentences, they were asked to choose the one sentence evoking the strongest image of Kendo. Text mining of selected sentences extracted words, and the relations between them were analyzed. Both male students and female students cited "disciplining the human character" and "training the mind" in their images of KENDO.

This study investigated the associations between individual differences in tears and personality in a situation that moves and saddens one. Each participant viewed a moving picture that was approximately 5.5 minutes long and scored their feelings and appearance of tears during the clip. They also completed a questionnaire on big five personality types. Stronger feelings of being moved and sadness were induced when compared with other feelings when viewing. A regression analysis with the five personality traits and gender as independent variables and appearance of tears as the dependent variable indicated that increased openness was associated with more intense crying.

This study investigated the negative emotional reactions to a "left on read" situation in various attachment styles. Two-hundred-seventy-nine Japanese high school students received a questionnaire designed to measure their attachment style. Participants read the scenario of not receiving a reply to a LINE message they sent to a close friend inviting them to play. Their negative emotions were scored, and data from 155 students were analyzed. Compared to students with a secure attachment style, those with a preoccupied style showed stronger feelings of fear and sad-ness. Scores of anger, disgust, energetic arousal, and tension arousal did not differ in attachment style.

The aim of this study was to clarify how successful aging was related to the perception of aging from the relationship among "ikigai", which is a view of happiness peculiar to Japanese people, "gerotranscendence", and "adaptive acceptance". In a questionnaire-based survey covering these scales, ADL, degree of health, and basic attributes, efficacious responses were obtained from 186 Japanese people aged 60 and above. As a result of covariance structure analysis, it was suggested that recognizing and accepting their own changes as they aged would be important as an adaptive aging method, which leads to happiness in the present and future.