Today, sport is considered one of the most important keyword that can explain social phenomenon, and has done enormous research centering on that. But, a clear definition of sport is not found yet. In order to clarify dynamic feature of sports as a culture, it must be understood the diachronic and synchronic aspects of that simultaneously.

The purpose of this paper is to make clear how the modern sports of Japan adjusted a new culture which got entangle in traditional corporal culture, not to focus a certain sport item, but to aim at a person who lived the whirlpool of modernization. When the Japanese modernization regard as cultural collision, there was no other modern writer reacts acutely to it as much as Souseki Natsume. “nervous breakdown" bothered him as long as he lived is a crack of the mind that caused by trouble of the western civilization, and most of Souseki's works describe the opposition to the harmful influence and the absurdity which modernization makes expose. Especially, he took big interest to the body culture that changing suddenly at that time. For example, he does poignant civilization criticism to “military gymnastics" and the baseball in his work. As well as the harmful influence of “military gymnastics", reveals the very attack feature that baseball has, he points out the distortion of the movement culture which modernization brings sharply. Especially, his thought has connected with “culture movement" which obtained support widely with pointing out the harmful of school sports on several aspects.

After all, through the sports in one of the modern writer, cultural aspects of sport which being linked with times, and iterates transfiguration is embossed clearly, as the novel does.

This study was compared with an quantity of muscle activities between the skilled soccer players and the unskilled soccer players to verify the surplus muscle activities and the moderate muscle activities during the ball control. The performance test were made and evaluate accuracy of the ball control technique by its score. 21 skilled players and 19 unskilled players participated in this measurement. The skilled were divided by higher rank group and subgroup according to the performance test. The muscle activities of GAS (gastrocnemius) and TA (tibialis anterior) were recorded by electromyogram. The muscle activities of GAS of the skilled group indicated significantly lower values than the unskilled group (p < 0.05). The comparison between higher rank group and subgroup showed same result (p < 0.05). Additionally, in all subjects, there were significant correlations between the muscle activities of GAS and the score of test (r = -0.624, p < 0.05). In the skilled group, there were significant correlations, too (r = -0.612, p < 0.05). These results suggest that the skilled soccer player performs the ball control technique with fewer muscle activities of GAS than the unskilled soccer player. On the other hand, the unskilled soccer player performs the ball control technique with the surplus muscle activities and it may disturb the achievement of correct ball control technique. We concluded that it is necessary for good sport performance to remove the surplus muscle activities and show quantity of the moderate muscle activities.

This study aims to clarify the variety of physical education (gymnastike) in Aristotle from two perspectives: the concept of art (techne) and education (paideia). The conventional mainstream method of approach the theory of physical education in Aristotle was the conceptual analysis of physical education from genus (genos) to differentia (diaphora), I think that I will be able to approach the theory of physical education in Aristotle in the truest sense in this way. Therefore, in the first place, I make the conceptual analysis of physical education as a species (eidos) of art. In the second place, broadening my consideration of the relationship with education, I show that the theory of physical education in Aristotle is a variety of art and education. The results of this study are as follows:

・Physical education as a species of art , in other words, the art of physical education (gymnastike techne) is the trained habit (hexis), which can bring the student to be a physically excellent man, and the production (poiesis) by the art of physical education has the structure producing a developed body (soma) which has a physical excellence (somatos arete) from an undeveloped body of the student by the physical educational teacher (gymnastes) who has the art of physical education.

・It is not necessarily possible to find the definite causality, “cause-effect" which is the property of art, in physical education in the context of education, because the tasks which must be accomplished by physical education are various.

The company played an important role in case of upgrade and popularization of sports in Japan. However, the wave of the rationalization to make corporate management move forward was received in recent years, ownership in the sports club was discovered only as the cost and sports of the company declined. If saying about this tendency, the big decrease of the place of sports in the society is a straight influence only and as for the business activity to vomit, too, it is having the danger, which causes a problem.

It thinks that corporate sports are one of so-called peculiar corporate culture and then this decline means that a sense of values in the past is denied. The denial of the feeling of the such value causes the feeling which can mean that the employee is mental unstably, and as the result, it gives the organization ability of the company a change and influences the action to say that copes into the organization and with the problem to exist outside.

The purpose of this research is to examine the theory and the methodology to achieve the promotion of sports and it continues with the development of the company from the aspect of Organizational Theory. The company is the central body of the needless to say contemporary society and is the subject, which sets about the industrial world.

Therefore, the possibility of the new value generation is proposed to both of sports with the company and seems to be the organization of the existence of sports about the policy of the company and the restructuring of the relation. Then, I want to present a framework in Japan, which can be called 21st century type management.