Most kendo players have gone through a traditional training camp, which is called as Kangeiko. The camp has been carried out during the cold early mornings of winter. The camp is thought to be effective in cultivating the mind and improving the physical fitness of the kendo players. In this study, we tried to quantify the training intensity of the camp accomplished in a college kendo team, and examined the effect of the camp on anaerobic work capacity of the college kendo players. Eight male college kendo players participated in this study. Training in the camp was performed for about two hours from 5:00 to 7:00 am. , and the camp was continued for ten days in January in 1997. Training program during the camp consisted of warm-up for 20 min. , Kirikaeshi for 20 - 30 min. , Kakarigeiko for 30 - 40 min. , and Gokakugeiko for 40 - 50 min. by interval training form. We measured heart rate every 15 sec. throughout the trainings on the 2nd and the 9th days of the camp in each two players, and calculated the heart rates in every 15 sec. during Kirikaeshi, in every. 30 sec. during Kakarigeiko, and in every 1 min. before training and during warm-up and Gokakugeiko. We measured the average, peak, and total power outputs during exhaustive 30 sec. cycle pedaling at the load of 8.7% relative to body weight. Heart rates repeatedly increased to 160 - 190 bpm during Kirikaesi and Kakarigeiko, and to 140 - 160 bpm during Gokakugeiko, which corresponded to 80 - 90%HRmax and 70 - 80%HRmax, respectively. The average, peak, and total power outputs during the cycle pedaling were significantly increased 3 days after the camp, indicated that anaerobic work capacity of the players was significantly improved by accomplishment of the camp. We concluded that the high intensity training camp in winter was a traditional discipline method in possible to improve anaerobic work capacity of kendo players using the basic methods in kendo practices. The traditional training camp in kendo would be available for a training in pre-season.

The history of a mind-body problem has been aimed at the unity of mind and body. However, the unity of mind and body does not finally solve the problem. This paper is intended as an investigation of mind-body problem from the point of view of existence in an athelete. The procedure of this paper is as follows: first, the author makes the figures of a things-body and an instrumental-body clear, quoting Heidegger's ontology; secondly, the author reveals a transfiguration from those bodies to a subject-body in sport activities; and thirdly, the auther considers an existential nature of the subject-body in an athlete. It can be concluded that the subject-body leads to self-understanding, and that self-advancement bigins with the subject-body.

The Body of human being has a peculiarity to be not possible to find out in other Mammalia. It is to undergo a mutation from physical incompetance to physical competence to do multiple movement.

The purpose of this study is to clarify a philosophic significance about the fact from the angles of physical education and sport.

Because a newborn baby has not lite-support abilities, he demands physically various caring by other people. There is the substance of physical education to this relationship with others. So, categorically, physical education should be understood as the concept of relation.

The body of sportman is very diversified according to each sporting event. The differences of training system in each sport make various distinctions among their body. This instance indicates that the human body has plasticity. The multiplicity of physical competences in motion is essentially based on diversity in social-cultural system.

For kendo players, it is common to go through a traditional training session called Kangeiko. Kangeiko is described as a training session carried out at winter time in early morning when the environmental temperature is low. The session has been accepted as effective in cultivating strong will of the individual players who participated. The purpose of this study was to examine whether psychological competitive ability of kendo players is improved after Kangeiko, or not. We assessed the psychological competitive ability of twenty-eight college kendo players (22 males and 6 females) who underwent a traditional Kangeiko training session using Diagnostic Inventory of the Psychological-Competitive Ability for athletes (DIPCA. 2) before and after the Kangeiko. As the result, we could not observe significant changes in the most of scores of DIPCA. 2 between before and after the Kangeiko. The traditional Kangeiko training session might influence other mental factors of kendo players, although it did not improve their psychological competitive ability evaluated by DIPCA. 2.