The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the concept of sport from the point of view of the 'BODY'. Why does the element of the 'BODY' difine the concept of sport. There are two reasons. First, the Community has such a view of the 'BODY', as is often indicated in the binominalism. ('spirit-fresh) Secondly, we employ the word 'BODY' according to the linguistic system, enabling it to function as a symbol which indicates one side of the binominal schema. And, this one had been developed by physical education in school. In conclusion, it should once more be emphasized that a more detailed analysis of how sport and the 'BODY' are related is required.

To investigate whether a behavior pattern of athlete influences the changes of condition with training loads, or not, the changes of mood state (POMS) in kendo players were observed during kangeiko, which is a very hard training in the coldest season. Using a “KG Activity Survey” questionaire, we divided 10 male college kendo players into 5 subjects with a higher Type-A score and 5 subjects with a lower Type-A score. These players were also divided into two groups, by using the three major subfactors of Type A, i. e. aggression-hostility (AH), speed-power (SP) , and hard-driving-time urgency (HT), respectively. The players with a higher Type-A score showed more prominent increases with kangeiko in “fatigue” , “tension”, “confusion”, and “Total mood disturbance”, compared with the players with a lower Type-A score, although there were no statistical significances. The players with a higher AH score showed significantly lower “fatigue”, “tension”, “confusion”, and “Total mood disturbance” in the control day (11 days after kangeiko) than the players with a lower AH score. The increases of these POMS scores during kangeiko, however, were significantly larger in the players with a higher AH score, and consequently, there were no significant differences in POMS scores between the two groups. On the other hand, the responces of POMS with kangeiko were significantly suppressed in the players with a higher SP score, compared with the players with a lower SP score. It is considerd that we can exactly evaluate the condition of athletes much more by considering the behavior pattern of each athlete.

This research examined the knowledge structure of sport in terms of : 1) volume of knowledge, and 2) organization of knowledge. To assess knowledge structure, university students were compared by concept maps according to their level of soccer experience. The concept mapping method developed by Novak, et. al(1983) is a useful tool to facilitate meaningful learning. The modified method of concept mapping was applied in this study. The subjects were given a key concept word (i. e. you are taking a free kick in front of opponent' s goal) and instructed to identify subordinate concept words to form a map individually.

The results of this study was that more experienced players had more concept words and connections between concepts than less experienced counterparts. This analysis revealed that experienced individuals exhibited more sophisticated knowledge structure. In addition, several cases of concept map were discussed in respect of quality of knowledge.

This paper deals with the origin and its progress of Teakwon-do in Korea afer World War2. The Teakwon-do was initiated by some Korean who had learned Karate in Japan and came back to Korea during the Japan-Korea annexation days. Teakwon-do was initially introduced to the world during Vietnam War by the Korean troops. Thereafter many Teakwon-do instructors have made their vigorous efforts to export skills and techniques of Teakwon-do to the abroad. As a result, the Teakwon-do became one of the most popular sports not only in Korea but also other countries of the world.

On the other hand, Teakwon-do became so quickly popular among people in Korea and in other countries of the world, the lack of theoretical foundation of Teakwon-do starts to create many serious problems. Firstly, the duplication of the different skill/techniques of Teakwon-do in performance of athletic competition and self-protection. Secondly, due to the lack of theoretical foundations, Teakwon-do will face so much controversies for its athletic value. Thirdly, the potential conflicts between this fairly new Teakwon-do with the other old traditional Korean martial arts, Teakkyeon.

It is considered, therefor, that the above mentioned problems should be resolved by the people who are committed themselves to the development of Teakwon-do

The purpose of this study was to investigate that the connections of the level of metacognitive ability in performing and motor performance. Ss were 4-,5-,and 6-year-old children. Metacognitive ability were assessed during performing the motor task by extensive introspective interview. Motor performance used in this study was the error in throwing the objects at the point. From these experiments, it was found that with increase of metacognitive ability, motor performance became higher. The metacognitive ability functioning in performing motor task for young children was then discussed.

This study suggested that it was important for motor performance in young children to activate their conscious self-reglation, that is, to acquire the higher level of metacognive ability.

Kinue Hitomi was extremely well-known as an athlete in her time not only in Japan but also throughout the world. She suddenly appeared at the dawn of her sport and established new world records one after another.

Kinue took part in numerous contests and learned strategies on the field from many experiences in athletic competition. She collected these strategies in a book entitled "TATAKAFU MADE(Before the fight)". It was published in 1929 when she was most remarkably active in competition. She wrote in this book about an athletic strategy concentrating on all relevant factors except athletic technique and called this strategy "a strategy on the field".

Taking the society at that time into consideration, when people criticized and would not accept women who entered into athletics meetings or played sports together with men, it is worth noting that she was ahead of her time. Her efforts bore great fruits and she overcame the pressure.

We have attempted to analyze and investigate Kinue's strategy on the field according to her writings and performance. We consider her contribution to have been significant.

It is recognized that the assessment of condition in athlete is important to improve performance or to prevent overtraining. The author measured quantitatively cardiac autonomic nerve activity, and examined whether it would be an index of physical stress and to training in long-distance runners. Cardiac autonomic nerve activities, i. e. cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and cardiac para-sympathetic nerve activity, in sitting-rest were assessed by measuring the power spectrum of heart rate variability in 6 athletes, 7 times during 13 weeks (from 8 weeks before Hakone-eKiden to 5 weeks after Hakone-ekiden). The autonomic nerve activities of the runners changed with the changes in training volume and Vigor and Fatigue scales of Profile of Mood State (POMS), and the results suggested that autonomic nerve function might be an index of training stress.