This paper aims to sketch out the framework for the analysis of Plato's study of the human body, and to clarify the direction of the search. It intends to give a new aspect of his theories of physical education.

Michitaroh Tanaka methodologically focuses on Laws which is one of the last of Plato's works. Tanaka proposes three principals from Plato's Philosophy: Soul, Reason and Form. In this paper I, by following Tanaka, have contemplated the relationships between the principals and the body (soma): master to servant, means to an end, and paradigm and likeness which are represented as the relationships between self-motion and motion by others, Cause and Accessory Cause, and One and Many. Plato uses the relationships as the framework for an analysis in his ontology.

Since the body has close connections to the before mentioned principals, Plato's study of the human body must be explained in connection with or by his study of the soul and the form. The human body can also be defined by internal relationships.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between birth order, sibling-sex-status, sibling interactions and motivation for exercise. The subjects were 228 university students who were firstborns or secondborns.

The subjects completed the Motivation Inventory for Physical Education (MIPE) and the questionnaire assessing sibling interactions. The MIPE consists of seven subscales named as competence, affiliation need, competitive need, values, achievement motivation, activity need, and failure avoidance.

The following results were obtained: (a) In comparison with secondborns, firstborns showed significantly higher degree of motivations except for failure avoidance, (b) Factor analysis of scores on sibling interactions revealed three factors: closeness, antagonism, and comparison. Multiple regression indicated that three factors of sibling interactions explained 1-26% of the variance in MIPE scores. For example, the subjects who reported more closeness with own sibling showed high tendency to affiliation need. While the subjects who perceived antagonism to own sibling showed high tendency to failure avoidance. As for the firstborns and secondborns, different aspects were recognized as the pattern of these influences.

We studied Kyudo shooting performances from the viewpoint of coordination between movement and respiration. Three university male students voluntarily participated in our experiments. Each student, equipped with respiratory measuring devices, shot five arrows in a row. Respiratory responses were picked up by thermal sensor and pressure gauge attached to their nasal cavities. They were tested before and after two years of practice. We recorded their performances on videotape and then overlapped them with respiratory curves and arrow release curves. After these experiments, we recorded those analog curves on paper and analyzed the differences between each subject's pre and post two years practice.

Respiratory frequencies from starting motion to release point of one shot decreased after the two years practice in all subjects, espccially the unskillful one. As well, the amplitude of ventilation volume decreased. The skillful subjects synchronized their respiration with their shooting movements. They started inhaling and the moment they began their shooting motion. By using the pressure gauge more than thermal sensor,we found short and strong exhaling immediately after the release of arrow.