In this study, the author examined the relationship between the allocation of economic and time resources to their wife and children and the work decision of older men using data from the National Family Research of Japan. Multivariate analysis based on a linear probability model revealed that the wife’s time spent on housework were positively associated with the probability of employment among older men, and the provision of non-economic support to children were negatively associated with it, even after controlling for sociodemographic attributes such as education and health status. These results suggest that not only economic status and employment opportunities but also the allocation of resources within the family should be taken into account in the work decision of the older men.

  The purpose of this study is to clarify the structure and background including processes of subjective life issues and anxieties based on qualitative surveys for sexual minority older adults. The interview surveys for 22 people who self-identify as being lesbian, gay, or bisexual, with a mean age of 67.1 years, were conducted between May 2017 and February 2019. The data were analyzed using qualitative methods, resulting in four categories: experiences of negative values, situations in which subjects do not rely on or have difficulty relying on others, access to safe locations, and provisions of self-help and mutual aid. The analysis also cemented the fact that experiences of discrimination and prejudice had wide-ranging impacts on sexual minorities. Participants did not express feelings of self-denial when they had supportive interpersonal relationships and placed great emphasis on self-restraining thoughts and actions. Topics for future research include the construction of formal services to build connections and create safe spaces for older LGBTQ people within local communities.

  Our aim in this study was to identify and classify the patterns of change in general condition of older adults in need of care on the basis of their family members’ monthly reports through a 12-month period. We recruited 210 informal caregivers from an online research panel, all of whom cared for aging family members who had been certified as being in need of care at level 3 or greater. Participants reported online about their care recipients’ general condition once per month using several scales we created with reference to Palliative Performance Scale (PPS), whose scores we combined to make an index showing older adults’ general condition in the month. Latent class analysis revealed three patterns of change in general condition: maintaining better condition, continuously moderate condition, and initially poor condition showing a further decline through the study period. These patterns were associated with the likelihood of hospitalization and mortality rate of the older adults as well as level of health decline perceived by caregivers, suggesting the trustworthiness of family members’ report on older adults’ general condition and the validity of patterns of their functional changes identified using this kind of report.