Newspaper articles are used for teaching mathematics because they contain graphs showing changes in quantities. It is quite possible to use newspaper articles as teaching materials in mathematics courses. However, the fact that this is not always possible suggests that there are some difficulties in understanding the text of the newspaper articles. In this paper, we focus on verbs and nouns that appear in textbooks and use them to estimate the degree which those in newspaper articles can be utilized. The results of the analysis show that the utilization rate of verbs plus nouns was at most about 37% and at least about 15% among the sixth grade in elementary school while that of verbs alone was at most 71% and at least 37%. The maximum utilization rate of nouns alone was 56% in the sixth grade and at least 28% . Results indicate that it may be difficult to handle newspapers in the lower and middle grades and that there may be a possibility in the upper grades if newspapers are to be used as teaching materials.

　The act of savoring food, characterized by a profound appreciation of the five senses during eating, is considered a fundamental component of eating. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of savoring food by examining its position with several dietary habits and its impact on eating-related QOL and mental and physical health. A total of 649 Japanese adults（ men, 314; women, 335; mean age = 45.41, SD = 14.03） in their 20s to 60s participated in the web survey, in which they completed several questionnaires. The results showed that savoring food was classified in the same category as eating traditional cuisine and eating cuisine for annual events. In addition, it is shown to be associated with eating-related QOL and mental health. It is expected that savoring food is an effective and convenient tool for improving eating-related QOL and mental health in daily life.

　This study examines pre-primary school children’s interest and mastery of the alphabet and vocabulary by validating the effects of an English learning material created to acquire the four skills of English holistically. A literacy development test and a parental questionnaire were administered before and after their learning with the materials. Analysis of the data suggests that the children seemed to have recognized the connection between uppercase and lowercase characters in the post-test. In addition, children appeared to have gained some understanding of listening to letters and vocabulary and connecting these with written characters. Furthermore, their parents seemed to have noticed an increase in their children’s recognition of letters after learning. The results imply that pre-primary school children may be more receptive to learning the alphabet and vocabulary than commonly perceived. In the context of Japan, although English writing instruction formally begins from the fifth grade of primary school at present, it may be possible that even younger children such as those in the third grade who formally receive instruction in English activities, may be susceptible to letter and vocabulary instruction.

　Novel measurement, not self-report scale, has been developed these days to measure implicit attitudes that individuals hold without their consciousness. The present study aims to assess testretest reliability of measuring implicit attitudes toward sports and exercise using both the Implicit Association Test（ IAT） and the Single-Category Implicit Association Test（ SC-IAT）. On assumption that desirability and enjoyment embody separate dimensions of attitudes, separate sets of stimulus words were employed in the implementation of each test to distinguish between cognitive and aflective attitudes. Through three online experiments, participants were asked to complete either IATs or SCIATs on two occasions with an interval in between. Study 1 and Study 2 revealed moderate test-retest reliability of IAT and SC-IAT respectively. In case where different category labels were given to measure affective and cognitive attitudes, Study 3 showed a moderate test-retest reliability of SC-IAT for measuring affective attitudes, but the reliability was not sufficient to measure cognitive attitudes. The data suggests that affective attitudes toward sports and exercise constitute a more foundational aspect that demonstrates relatively lower susceptibility to situational variations, compared to cognitive attitudes.