We need to understand the characteristics of tree decay diagnostic instrument to estimate the rate of decay and cavities in trees correctly due to prevent collapse of trees. We made 7% to 45% crescent-shaped or cross-shaped cavities in discs made from Japanese zelkova wood with a diameter and a thickness of 30 cm as materials for study. Their cavities were estimated with four types of decay diagnostic instrument (sound wave, radar, gamma rays, drilling resistance). As a result, depending on the instrument and the shape of cavities, there were cases when they were correctly estimated, underestimated, and overestimated. It was confirmed that the risk of tree failure might be overlooked at times.