詳細検索結果
以下の条件での結果を表示する: 検索条件を変更
クエリ検索: "Autonomy"
9,753件中 1-20の結果を表示しています
  • 平井 成興
    日本ロボット学会誌
    1993年 11 巻 6 号 788-793
    発行日: 1993/09/15
    公開日: 2010/08/25
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Barrios Arroyave A. Freddy, Rodríguez Velásquez O. Javier, Prieto Bohórquez E. Signed, Grisales E. Carlos, Correa Herrera C. Sandra, Jattin Balcázar J. Jairo, Soracipa Muñoz Ribka, Ruiz Morales J. Jhon
    Annals of Cancer Research and Therapy
    2023年 31 巻 1 号 7-12
    発行日: 2023/02/14
    公開日: 2023/02/14
    ジャーナル フリー

    Introduction: fractal geometry has been implemented to study natures’ irregular objects with diverse applications in medicine, from characterizations of human structures such as the division of bronchial or arterial trees to the diagnosis of abnormal cells, as it has been evidenced in the study of neoplasms. In this investigation, a characterization of the degree of irregularity of histologic samples of normal and thyroid gland neoplasms was developed in the context of fractal and Euclidean geometry.

    Methods: photographs of normal and neoplastic thyroid histologic samples obtained as surgical pieces were processed by a software that allows to delimit the borders of cellular structures. Then, grids of 5 and 10 pixels were superimposed over the images in order to measure their surfaces and occupation spaces through the Box-Counting method.

    Results: For nucleus measures values between 14 to 34 in the 5 pixels grid and values between 7 to 16 in the 10 pixels grid suggest normality.

    Conclusions: The surface of the nucleus and the cytoplasm measured by grids of 5 and 10 pixels, allow to carry out a more objective characterizations of both normal and abnormal thyroid cells.

  • ケア提供者の被る抑圧の問題をめぐって
    冨岡 薫
    倫理学年報
    2022年 71 巻 219-232
    発行日: 2022年
    公開日: 2022/07/11
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
     “
    Autonomy
    ,” which is a key concept for diagnosing the ethical legitimacy of one’s actions, has been argued in various ways in philosophy and ethics. In one way, the concept of
    autonomy
    is perceived as individualistic in the sense it authorizes excluding interventions by other people. In another way, it is employed by feminists to protect women’s rights. Then, along with these two ways of understanding
    autonomy
    , care ethics, which began with In a Different Voice by Carol Gilligan in 1982, was forced to deal with the predicament whether it should criticize the concept of
    autonomy
    as relational ethics against individualism or accept it as feminist ethics.  The aim of this thesis is to raise a question about the current form of care ethics which uses the concept of
    autonomy
    as a criterion for good care to address the issue of oppression suffered by caretakers. To guide the conclusion, in the first section, I confirm that at the beginning care ethics criticized the concept of
    autonomy
    as being individualistic. Feminists criticized that by excluding the concept of
    autonomy
    , care ethics could not protect caretakers’
    autonomy
    in oppressive situations. In the second section, I suggest that together with developing the theory of relational
    autonomy
    , care ethics incorporated the concept of
    autonomy
    as a criterion for good care in response to the feminists. In the last section, though, I criticize that incorporating the concept of
    autonomy
    into care ethics continues the ideology of
    autonomy
    and then makes a certain care relation invisible. So, I propose that care ethicists must distinguish the issue of oppression from the issue of
    autonomy
    , and that they can address the issue of oppression more adequately without using the concept of
    autonomy
    .
  • 重岡 徹, 山本 徳司, 栗田 英治
    農村計画学会誌
    2010年 29 巻 3 号 363-369
    発行日: 2010/12/30
    公開日: 2011/12/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The revitalization of rural community can be accomplished by a appropriate environmental conservation.
    However, the appropriate rural environmental conservation is the difficult situation, because the wreaking community and land improvement district has been conserved it in a lot of rural areas. Such a situation the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries administration might try to be viewed the new actor composed by participation of various subjects is invented in which more rural communities cooperate in the large area and the city community and the rural community are collaborated. It is necessary to reorganize the local
    autonomy
    system for this view. Because an environmental preservation is a basis of local
    autonomy
    . If the city resident and NPO, etc. that do not take part in
    autonomy
    immediately are made to participate in this act, it is necessary to review the local
    autonomy
    system.
    For the reorganization of the local
    autonomy
    system, a new logic to revolutionize the
    autonomy
    management(political process) first of all will be requested. New logic is a method of the reach a consensus (new public space). It is an adjusting method to compete for not the adjusting method for mutual agreement but various opinions. However, a rural community that becomes accustomed to a past adjusting method doesn't easily accept new logic. What is the reason why a present rural community refuses the revolution of the
    autonomy
    management? And, what is the hint that enables the reorganization of the regional
    autonomy
    system? This research examines the method of reorganizing the local
    autonomy
    system that executes appropriate rural environmental preservation.
    This thesis observes the correspondence process of local
    autonomy
    according to the introduction of “The policy for conservation of farmland, water, and environment”, and looks for the problem of the local
    autonomy
    system reorganization.
  • さいたま市南区区民会議の活動を通して
    佐藤 宏亮, 岡本 祐輝, 山中 知彦
    日本建築学会計画系論文集
    2008年 73 巻 634 号 2655-2663
    発行日: 2008/12/30
    公開日: 2009/10/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this paper is to clarify the process of how a regional
    autonomy
    organization grows and how the vision of the regional
    autonomy
    organization is passed on, through the support of the citizens' council.
    The results are the following : 1) The growth of a regional
    autonomy
    organization requires the activity to be consistent even if the committee changes, and the repetition of success experiences. 2) A consistent activity requires a resional
    autonomy
    organization to have a system to educate the candidates of a committee. 3) Within the activity of a regional
    autonomy
    organization, cooperation of community organization is effective for educating candidates of a committee.
  • 岡崎 昌之
    農林業問題研究
    2004年 39 巻 4 号 309-320
    発行日: 2004/03/25
    公開日: 2011/09/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    Local governments can't last in this time when the social structure itself begins to change a great deal. But, consolidation of municipalities is a big happening for the local administration to change the zone of its self-governing body again. It is also the best opportunity for the new self-governing body to make its future plan. Is the present cities joint conference being done based on such important recognition as expected?
    The viewpoint of the inhabitant
    autonomy
    is important from the viewpoint of the self-governing body management. Administrative services to the inhabitant in the outlying regions of the city tend to decline due to the consolidation. This is a fact that many local governments have since experienced by the consolidation. “Chiiki Jichi Soshiki: Community
    autonomy
    organization” is being discussed anew to solve such conditions. This “Chiiki Jichi Soshiki: Community
    autonomy
    organization” is being expected as a plan to secure inhabitant
    autonomy
    on the inside of the fundamental self-governing body after its consolidation. Through examining a case of “Chiiki Jichi Soshiki: Community
    autonomy
    organization” which is now being undergone, it gropes for a method with “Chiiki Jichi Soshiki: Community
    autonomy
    organization” of the inhabitant subject which copes with a consolidation of municipalities.
  • 小川 亮
    情報法制研究
    2022年 11 巻 51-67
    発行日: 2022年
    公開日: 2022/08/28
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
     Consent fatigue is one of the major problems for privacy protection. Why is consent to provide personal information necessary, then? Instrumentalists regard consent as an instrument to secure the interests of the consenter. The
    autonomy
    -based theory rgues respect for
    autonomy
    requires consent. This paper aims to show how instrumentalist explanation is justified, whilst the
    autonomy
    -based theory is not. Instrumentalism can obtain plausible justifications and guide practice sufficiently based on utilitarianism. On the contrary, the
    autonomy
    -based theory cannot propose any guidance for practice because of the problem of the incommensurability of value.
  • 寺田 晋
    社会政策
    2024年 16 巻 1 号 127-139
    発行日: 2024/05/30
    公開日: 2024/05/31
    ジャーナル フリー

     この論文では、自律を多次元的概念と捉えるC.マッケンジーの学説とM.フリッカーの認識的不正義の議論を参考に、自律と認識とのかかわりを検討した。検討の結果、認識的不正義は自律の自己授権の次元に含まれる社会的承認の拒否と大きく重なる概念であり、その害は自律の自己授権の次元だけでなく自己統御の次元に及ぶ可能性があることが明らかとなった。そこで本論文では認識的不正義の制度的是正策を提唱しているE.アンダーソンの議論を参考に、認識論的観点からみた自律の保証策を検討した。論文では、アンダーソンが社会統合を目的とするアファーマティブ・アクション(AA)という政策的指針を提示していることを確認したうえで、その是正策には、①統合というAAの目的の共有、②適用される文脈の限定、③AAがもたらす承認拒否への対策、④教育や雇用へのアクセスを前提としない構造変革的是正策の検討という4つの課題があることを指摘した。

  • Maiko Berger, Lucas Pignolet, Matt Saunders
    APU言語研究論叢
    2022年 7 巻 1-
    発行日: 2022年
    公開日: 2022/03/25
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
    Many will agree that independent learning (IL) is important for learning languages successfully, but incorporating IL in a curriculum can be challenging. As part of a project to meet one of the three learning goals associated with an Assurance of Learning (AOL) initiative, researchers at a Japanese university worked towards enhancing the independent learning skills among English learners. To do this, they set up a scaffolded approach to support studentsʼ independent learning. In the spring semester of 2019, students created personalized study plans aimed at improving their targeted English skill(s). Study plans were periodically checked by teachers and revised by students. This paper explains how independent learning is incorporated into English courses and presents the results of a student survey (n=947) and a teacher survey (n=35). Most students found the IL assignments useful yet reported difficulty with locating resources or finding time to study independently. The findings led researchers to revise the IL system and to develop language learning strategies that can guide studentsʼ IL more effectively.
  • 大野 裕己
    教育行財政研究
    2003年 30 巻 124-125
    発行日: 2003/03/31
    公開日: 2022/05/09
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Ryo Okada
    Information and Technology in Education and Learning
    2021年 1 巻 1 号 Reg-p004
    発行日: 2021年
    公開日: 2021/07/21
    ジャーナル フリー

    The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of teachers’

    autonomy
    support in synchronous online learning environments. The participants included 197 Japanese undergraduates. The hypothetical model posited that perceived teachers’
    autonomy
    support was related to students’ intrinsic motivation and metacognition, which, in turn, were related to self-evaluated achievement. The results showed that perceived teachers’
    autonomy
    support was related to students’ self-evaluated achievement, and this relationship was mediated by intrinsic motivation. Perceived teachers’
    autonomy
    support was also related to metacognition, although metacognition did not have a mediating effect. The role that teachers play in synchronous online learning environments is also discussed.

  • 箭内 任
    医学哲学 医学倫理
    2004年 22 巻 7-15
    発行日: 2004/10/18
    公開日: 2018/02/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    Although numerous attempts have been made by scholars to show what "person" is, little agreement has been reached. The purpose of this paper is to point out some of problems inherent in the arguments and review how the concept is treated from a Bioethical perspective. First, various arguments involving "person" in the field of Bioethics are surveyed. Most of these arguments pertain to the criterion of "person." These arguments originated in the works of Locke and Kant and are influenced by the characteristics of modern reason: self-consciousness,
    autonomy
    . Next, the two most recent arguments made by Beckmann and Secker are illustrated in order to clarify where the criterion of "person" is. Beckmann understands
    autonomy
    in terms of "the claim to the rights," whereas Secker rethinks
    autonomy
    from a viewpoint of "human's duty." The question now arises as to whether Beckmann concentrates
    autonomy
    as human's right to recognize person as "corpus" and if Secker might misunderstand it as
    autonomy
    caused by the other without much consideration of its public character. In both cases there must be something more to understanding
    autonomy
    as a whole. Therefore it is insufficient to grasp the concept of "person" only from
    autonomy
    . In discussing "person," we must avoid reducing it to a definition with a single meaning. We should ponder its difficulty and impossibility. Let us look deeper into "person," tracing the history of the concept of "person" now. For example, according to Sakaguchi, person (persona) once had the character of not only fixation but fluidization. Meaning that "person" has the character of interdependency and interrelationship in any society. In conclusion I will re-formulate the concept of "person" as the "topos" of the possibility of communication. Now "person" is given a new phase of meaning and will open the door to a totally different society which gives a "person" a new standpoint as a real key.
  • グローバル・システムの変容
    加藤 順美
    国際政治
    1996年 1996 巻 111 号 51-65,L11
    発行日: 1996/02/28
    公開日: 2010/09/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper the movement for
    autonomy
    in East Pakistan will be examined with particular attention to the role of the Awami League (1949-1971). Based on that examination, this paper will also examine the factors responsible for the movement from
    autonomy
    to secession.
    Based on the old concept of the nation, autonomous groups within the nation were regarded as subordinate to the nation. But it is often the case that the individual autonomous groups relate to the respective nation not as a subordinate, but as an equal.
    Much research focuses on the existence of a common language and religion as the factors which act as the adhensive of any autonomous group. Based on that, they point out that those struggling for
    autonomy
    be conscious of their exploitation and oppression by other groups.
    However, even groups which recognize the crisis of their identity do not always relate with their countries as equals, and do not always begin a movement for
    autonomy
    . Furthermore, even if a movement to
    autonomy
    were to change to a movement for secession, that group would not necessarily gain independent statehood. There are many cases in which emergent countries face a movement to secession but there are not so many examples of success.
    Taking to the above into consideration, especially focusing on the relation between the movement for
    autonomy
    and the movement for secession, the following question will occur; Is the nature of the movement for
    autonomy
    different from the nature of the movement for secession? And what are the factors which cause an
    autonomy
    movement to become a secessionist movement?
    In the case of Pakistan, the groups which tried to gain
    autonomy
    became one unit and the
    autonomy
    movement became a secessionist movement. That is why examing the transition of the secessionist movement in East Pakistan may suggest an answer to this question.
  • 橘高 眞一郎
    木更津工業高等専門学校紀要
    2002年 35 巻 93-100
    発行日: 2002年
    公開日: 2023/04/28
    研究報告書・技術報告書 フリー
    It is said that the most important part of learning a foreign language is learning vocabulary. The top-down, naturalistic and communicative approaches, which have put great emphasis on implicit, incidental learning of vocabulary, teach us the importance of directing students to recognize clues in context and to infer word meaning from context. Guessing is the primary vocabulary skill in these approaches. It seems to have much to do with students' motivation to learn English as well. It is natural that students learning English should encounter unknown words at a great rate. What should they do if they encounter unknown words while reading books in English ? They may very well try to guess the meanings of unknown words. It is our inclination to try to probe the unknown and guessing is a natural process of our thinking, which gives us a sense of achievement and satisfaction if it is successful. In this paper, the author points out that "learner
    autonomy
    " for learning English might be fostered in students' minds through guessing. He believes that students will come to challenge new reading materials on their own some day when they are given enough training for guessing as one of learning strategies, while enjoying it as a soft of game activity in class.
  • 宮本 要太郎
    教育哲学研究
    1987年 1987 巻 55 号 45-57
    発行日: 1987/05/10
    公開日: 2009/09/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The characteristic features of Pestalozzi's (1746-1827) concept of '
    autonomy
    ' are considered to be structurally speaking the three structural levels of economic
    autonomy
    , of legal or civic
    autonomy
    , and moral or internal
    autonomy
    , and internally speaking the harmonious development of the internal powers of man stemming from self-activity. This is the trust put into the spontaneity of human nature based on Leibniz' anthropology, and in this regard Pestalozzi follows the same line as Rousseau. Furthermore,
    autonomy
    according to Pestalozzi in the sense that it implies the potential condition of free self-determination it ressembles Kant's
    autonomy
    , on the other hand, because it is based on love rooted in faith, it differs from Kant's
    autonomy
    . In other words, starting from the negative education founded in an absolute and optimistic faith in nature (Rousseau), then standing on the rational will of moralizing man living in society (Kant), furthermore transcending this, too, a positive formation concept arises putting its hope in the purification of man as an organic whole by faith and love (Pestalozzi).
  • Ching-Hsi Chen Tsai, Lih-Yau Song, Kuang-Hui Peng
    International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development
    2021年 9 巻 1 号 47-63
    発行日: 2021/01/15
    公開日: 2021/01/15
    ジャーナル フリー

    Since 1999, the ‘Community Planner System’ in Taipei has mainly used community awareness to intervene in communities and to strengthen and implement local

    autonomy
    and governance through the integration of community differences. Community awareness positively influences the construction of resilient communities, especially when a community encounters environmental distress or various disorderly phenomena. This case study focuses on community planners in Datong District stationed at ‘Changji Corner’ and the community members they serve. A quantitative study was conducted using a structural questionnaire. The purposes of the study were (1) to understand the relationship among community awareness, involvement and
    autonomy
    and (2) to determine whether community
    autonomy
    is affected by community planners. All hypotheses were accepted: community identity and participation improve community
    autonomy
    , and local community planners significantly and positively impact community identity, involvement and
    autonomy
    . However, some values indicate that the public’s awareness of community planners is weak, which in turn affects willingness to participate in community activities. The unclear positions and ambiguous duties of community planners can affect the construction of resilient communities.

  • ―学習者の留学経験の観点から―
    土屋 加恵
    中部地区英語教育学会紀要
    2023年 52 巻 93-100
    発行日: 2023/01/31
    公開日: 2024/01/31
    ジャーナル フリー
  • -福井県今立郡池田町「池田町まちづくり自治制度」におけるまちづくり体制の変遷に着目して-
    野田 満, 後藤 春彦, 山崎 義人
    日本建築学会計画系論文集
    2015年 80 巻 717 号 2533-2543
    発行日: 2015年
    公開日: 2015/11/30
    ジャーナル フリー
     The purpose of this study is to clarify the constructing of machizukuri system based by residents' activities on hometown tax through a case study on “
    Autonomy
    Institution of Machizukuri of Ikeda” in Ikeda Town, Fukui Prefecture.
     The results are the following: "The project to realize a small happiness" which is the main project of "
    Autonomy
    Institution of Machizukuri of Ikeda", has served by producing 41 machizukuri activities and encouraged the gradual development of machizukuri activities, which lead to educating the residents to become as actors for decision-making. The member of the “
    Autonomy
    Machizukuri Committee”, which is the decision-making organization of “
    Autonomy
    Institution of Machizukuri of Ikeda”, has changed from outside contributors to residents. Along with the change of members of the committee, the initiative of decision-making shifted from outside contributors to organization by residents and and machizukuri system by residents has been constructed.
  • 後藤 崇志, 楠見 孝
    社会心理学研究
    2013年 28 巻 3 号 125-136
    発行日: 2013/03/31
    公開日: 2017/03/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this research was to investigate whether a decrement in self-control resources caused burnout among employees with different degrees of
    autonomy
    . We conducted a panel survey among 424 employees. The results revealed that 1)
    autonomy
    affected the relationship between controlling emotional sensations and burnout. Controlling emotional sensations increased burnout among employees with low
    autonomy
    , but not among those with high
    autonomy
    . Moreover, the results revealed that 2)
    autonomy
    did not affect the relationship between other self-control behaviors and burnout. We discussed why a decrement in self-control resources caused burnout and how
    autonomy
    affected it, by referring to the process of self-control based on the Limited Resource Model, cognitive control, and physiological underpinnings.
  • Hiroyuki INADOMI, Goro TANAKA, Yasuki KIKUCHI, Yasuyuki OHTA, Hiroki OZAWA
    Acta Medica Nagasakiensia
    2005年 50 巻 4 号 155-160
    発行日: 2005年
    公開日: 2006/03/20
    ジャーナル フリー
    We assessed the ability of procedural learning and gestalt cognition in patients with schizophrenia by push-button task and tree-drawing test, respectively. The study subjects were 30 patients with schizophrenia and 35 healthy individuals. The patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria specified in the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision and healthy individuals were all employees of private psychiatric institutions. We used a scale for measuring work ability and classified the patients into two groups of the same size on the basis of the measurements, and called them high-
    autonomy
    group and low-
    autonomy
    group. In the push-button task, we used an apparatus with 18 buttons whose lighting was controlled by computer, and the lighting order was determined to make the path of lighting form two types of gestalt. Complete push of 18 buttons defined a trial, and we assessed the ability of procedural learning by reduction in reaction time with trial. In the tree-drawing test, we classified the drawing into 3 types, i.e., positive, negative and normal, on the basis of the gestalt of the tree drawn. In each of the two types of gestalt and their combination, the reaction time at respective trials significantly (p<0.0001) decreased in the order of low-
    autonomy
    group, high-
    autonomy
    group and healthy group, and the reaction time in the respective 3 groups significantly (p<0.0001) decreased with repetition of trials. However, no significant difference was observed among 3 groups in the degree of decrease with trial (p>0.14). The frequency of positive drawing was highest in low-
    autonomy
    group and monotonically decreased in high-
    autonomy
    group and healthy group, while the reverse order held in the frequency of normal drawing, and the frequency of negative drawing was highest in high-
    autonomy
    group. The correlation between the group and the tree-drawing type was significant (p<0.0001). The present study suggests the usefulness of push-button task and tree-drawing test for assessing recovery process in schizophrenia.
feedback
Top