低年齢幼児のためのテレビ番組開発の一環として,ごく短いアニメ「こんなこいるかな」を制作した。このアニメは,実験室内の研究では,高い注視率であった。しかし家庭でもよく注視されるか,また幼児に好まれたかどうかは,実験室内のデータのみでは明らかにならない。そこで,一次調査(昭和61年11月)と二次調査(昭和62年2月)の2回にわけて,2歳〜3歳の幼児,約270人に,家庭でこれを見てもらい,反応を調査した。また,家庭において,テレビ「こんなこいるかな」を見るだけでなく,同じキャラクターの載っている月刊雑誌を付加情報として配布した場合,幼児の視聴行動は,どう変化するかも確かめた。

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In 1988 Channel 11 started broadcasting as a TV network with an emphasis on public education in Thailand: 60 percent of its total program hours are devoted to educational programs. For its broadcasting, many programs have been sent from Japan: these include NHK's school broadcasts such as "Science Class (Rika Kyoshitsu)" Series and pre-school series called "With Mother (Okaasanto Issho)". In early 1989, plans were drawn up for a Thai-Japanese cooperative study to analyze the effectiveness of these NHK's educational programs for children in Thai primary schools. Three primary schools were selected representing the three different civic bodies governing the schools both in Bangkok and provincial area. A total of 1,039 pupils (grades 1-6) and 20 teachers were involved in the study. In order to meet a variety of objectives of the study, various sets of surveys were designed as follows and carried out in May and June, 1990. STUDY 1 A) GENERAL QUESTIONNAIRE--- to obtain general information of the children's TV-viewing habits, including viewing hours, program preferences, access to Japanese animated cartoons, access to NHK's ETV programs, and parents' recommendation and control of TV-viewing. [No. of resultant samples-1,039 ] STUDY 2 : Evaluation of three programs of NHK's "Science Class" : "Magnet and Magnet" for grade 3, "Water and Vapor" for grade 4, "The Secret of the Seed" for grade 5. [693] B)SCIENCE TEST---to evaluate the role and the effectiveness of the science programs in increasing the pupils' factual knowledge on the particular subjects. The same tests were carried out before and after viewing the programs. [693] C)PROGRAM TEST---to analyze pupils' impressions and opinions of the science programs. [693] D)TEACHER INTERVIEW---to investigate the teachers' comments on the science programs above and general attitudes in using TV programs as educational materials. [20] MAIN RESULTS STUDY 1: The overall data indicate that Thai children are rather heavy TV viewers, with 51% watching more than 3 hours on weekdays. Access to TV is higher among Bangkok children than country children. As for program preferences, children in Bangkok are absorbed in watching Japanese cartoons, while, country children still prefer Thai dramas.The most popular Japanese cartoon is "Doraemon" both in Bangkok and the provincial area. 82% of the children find the NHK's ETV programs "very interesting." Among various programs, "Science Class" is the most popular in all three schools and in every grade. Parents and teachers also think highly of these NHK's ETV programs. The viewing of these programs is encouraged by 75% of the children"s parents and 63% of their teachers. STUDY 2: The results of the three programs in terms of effectiveness as well as audience evaluation show that the NHK's "Science Class" Series are effective as educational material for Thai pupils. The programs have a practical and immediate ability to potentially increase the pupils' knowledge on the contents. The highlights of the programs are the experiments, which bring a lot of excitement and stimulus for the pupils. The effects of the programs in three sample schools, considered to represent three different levels of learning ability, fails to produce a consistent pattern than can prove the programs are highly effective or extremely ineffective with particular groups of pupils. NHK's science series thus achieve their objectives by demonstrating that they can be used for nation-wide broadcasting in Thailand. The degrees of difficulty in each series seem to be suitable for the Thai pupils, so the series can be used for school broadcasts as well. Children at a provincial area are considered representative of the majority of Thai pupils. On each of the programs, its

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There is a rising demand for intelligent robot cameras capable of shooting dynamic pictures like those taken by professional broadcasting studio cameramen. To develop thes cameras, we devised a system for analysing the actual movements of broadcasting-studio cameramen. We conducted experiments by using programs shot in our studio.
From the experiment, we found that cameramen routinely move their eyes in a range of about ±20 degrees horizontally and±15 degrees vertically before they start shooting, and they often look through the view-finder at the script to focus. We also found that the panning-speed curve is asymmetrical : quick acceleration is followed by slow deceleration. The deceleration time is 60% longer than the acceleration time, and the maximum acceleration during panning is approximately 200 deg/sec².

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This study investigates the association between maternal disciplinary style and reading development through a longitudinal study. Twelve mother-child pairs were divided into two groups based on the mother's disciplinary style as determined by responses to a questionnaire. Mother-child interactions were videotaped when the children were under the age of 3 (Session 1: m=1 year 7 months, r=1 year 1 month to 2 years 3 months) and again three years later (Session 2: m=4 years 7 months, r=4 years 1 month to 5 years 3 months). The results are as follows. Firstly, initiative within the mother-child interactions varied according to the child's age, rather than reflecting maternal disciplinary style. With younger children, the mothers tended to use more labeling and questioning to extend conversations about the pictures and the stories. As the language skills of the children increased, the mothers became more engaged in reading the text. At the same time, “sharing” mothers were more respectful towards their child's autonomy. They emphatically accepted their child's verbal/nonverbal behavior, and these characteristics became more noticeable three years later. Sharing mothers enjoyed their child's spontaneous searching for picture books and their original ideas. Conversely, “authoritarian” mothers tended to respond more negatively, provide clarifications, or to consistently ignore their child's verbal/nonverbal behavior. Accordingly, this study serves to elucidate the impact of disciplinary style on reading development from a developmental perspective.

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This paper discribes a new camera work measurement system for a study of an intelligent robot camera control method. By detecting the eye points and camera work of the professional cameramen, we can get their characteristics while camera working. By experiments at our studio, we found that the cameramen's eyes move little once the position of the subject is confirmed and that cameramen operate their cameras according to a preconceived program when panning a subject that doesn't move very much ; we also learned the velocity characteristics involved when panning, etc., and were able to obtain basic data conceming camera operation.

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We are studying an intelligent robot camera which can operate automatically and can repreduce the camera-work of a veteran cameraman. For this purpose, the camera-work and gaze movement of a cameraman were compared to those of a year after cameraman's. Cameraman's camera-work was the same as that of the a veteran cameraman's, however, a year after cameraman's gaze velocity was slower and her gazing area was narrower than the veteran cameraman's.

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