禁酒宗教のの普及している地域, その中でレバノン、イラクのアラツクの状況を知る上の好資料である。

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本リポートでは、ＮＨＫ放送文化研究所が国際比較調査グループ（ＩＳＳＰ）の一員として、2018年10月から11月にかけて実施した「宗教」に関する調査の日本の結果について、過去の調査結果との時系列比較を中心に報告する。結果を簡単にまとめると以下のようになる。①信仰している宗教の割合は変わらないものの、信仰心は薄くなり、神仏を拝む頻度は低くなっている。②日本人の伝統的な価値観だと捉えられてきた“お天道様がみている”“人知を超えた力の存在”“自然に宿る神”といった感覚を持つ人は少なくなっている。③宗教に「癒し」などの役割を期待する人は減少している。宗教に危険性を感じる人は、感じない人よりも多い。④各宗教徒別では、「徒」への否定感が他の宗教徒に比べて高い。日本ではこれまで、宗教について深く考えたことのなかった人も多いと思われる。しかし、改正出入国管理法の施行（2019年4月）によって、外国人材の受け入れが進む中で事情が変わる可能性がある。異なる宗教観を持った人達との付き合いが増えれば、今まで以上に「日本人と宗教」について考えなければならないケースが出てくるかもしれない。

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This is a report of sociological study on 240 inpatients hospitalized in JALMA Leprosy Centre, Agra, India.
Results of the survey on the socio-environmental aspects of these Patients are as follows:
1. The ratio of Hindu patients to Muslim patients was 4 to 1.
2. 32.5 % of total inpatients were vegetarians. 13.3% of non-vegetarian patients stopped taking meats after the onset of the disease. Although there were many religiousvegetarians who were taking milk and eggs, those who became vegetarians after the onset of the disease took some milk but no eggs.
3. Most of the male patients had married at the age of 15 according to the local custom. Two women had been divorced when leprosy manisfeted itself after their marriage. They had been thrown out of the family with only small amount of money. In cases of male patients with disease which started after their marriage, they did not divorce their wives, but some wives went home and never came back.
4. In north India, most of the houses in the countryside are made of mud and they are very cool in the hot season and are very suitable for the tropical climate. However, the family members are crowded in only one or two rooms available in their houses and this living condition is not so hygenic.
5. The ratio of lepromatous type among the patients in this survey was 57.5%. As these L cases are the source of infection in their active stage, it is a big problem how to prevent the infection of contact children in the patients' families.
6. As water supply is not much in north India and water-works are not common in the rural areas, villagers are using the common well of the village and carrying water for houses-works is the responsibility of female members of the family. Although south India villages have much more water supply, they have more cases of this disease. So the water-works seem to have no direct relationship to the prevalence of leprosy.
7. About half of the patients of this survey did not have any formal education, but most of them could at least read and write Hindi and they could read even Indian classical literatures.
8. The cause of leprosy is not correctly understood dy many of Indian patients and their families. They are thinking that their ailment is due to "spoilt blood" or "God's punishment".
9. Regarding the patients'occupation, half were laborers. Half of laborers were getting monthly payment and another half were with daily payment. Payment for daylaborers without special technique is usually very cheap and they were getting small money only enough for daily food for their family.
10. Regarding the rehabilitation of patients, the important factor of the rehabilitation was the grade of the residual symptomes of the disease.

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