本研究では、真空断熱材(VIP)と地中熱ヒートポンプ(GSHP)適用の戸建住宅を対象として実測を行い、温熱環境とGSHPの稼働状況を評価し、ZEH化における

本研究では空調、給湯、各種電気機器の年間電力消費量及び太陽光による発電電力量を算出し、年間の電力収支を検討することでネットゼロに必要な太陽光発電敷設面積の検討を行う。ゼロエネルギーハウス(ZEH)に必要な建設費や太陽光発電等の

本報は全6報のうち4番目にあたる。第2報と第3報を踏まえ、追掛けも蓄熱槽を介する熱源運転と蓄熱時に採用できる更なる高効率化の方法について記述した。

工場空調の省エネルギー化において，古くから温度成層による置換換気方式が採用されている。置換換気用の吹出口は各種存在しており，用途によって使い分けが可能であるが，その

空調設備の熱源においては、空調設計時の負荷計算結果と実状の熱源容量の差異が大きいため非効率な運転による非省エネ性や空調設置時の

空調設備の熱源においては、空調設計時の負荷計算結果と実状の熱源容量の差異が大きいため非効率な運転による非省エネ性や空調設置時の

外気冷房は、一般的に省エネルギー手法として注目を受けている技術であるが、本報では、外気冷房の特徴の一つ、「中間期・冬期に冷水供給する必要がない」ことに着目した。もしも、外気冷房を有効に活用し、冷水温水を同時供給がなくなれば、建物の配管設備を2管式で構築でき、

In ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems, the application of horizontal ground heat exchangers (HGHEs) greatly reduces the initial costs for the system construction in comparison with vertical GHEs since the HGHEs can be installed using commonly-used excavation machines. Though HGHEs have been widely used in the United States and Canada, where abundant land space is available for HGHEs, the distribution of the system is still slow in Japan due to the limited availability of land space.

In this paper, data analysis and numerical modeling were carried out on a GSHP heating and cooling system using HGHEs installed in the basement of a railway tunnel in Tokyo, Japan. Through the interpretation of operation data for 2 years, the decline of system performance by the change of ground temperature was not observed though the amount of heat release and extraction were not in a good balance.

A numerical simulation model of the HGHE was then developed based on the ground soil properties and HGHE designs. The model was validated using the recorded data during the heating and cooling periods. Sensitivity studies were then carried out using the validated model for the heating and cooling operations of 10 years. The predicted inlet temperature of heat pumps showed that the GSHP system could maintain the initial capacity for 10 years in case the annual heating and cooling periods were set at 4 months and 2-4 month, respectively. Also, the effect of burial depth of HGHE on system performance was examined using the numerical model. The simulations showed that deeper installation is more preferable when the heat exchange rate per HGHE length is large, while the difference is negligible when the heat exchange is relatively small.

 In this study, in order to spread and promote rainwater harvesting and to realize Zero Water building, the actual water use situation for eight years in a university lecture building with a rainwater harvesting system of 35.4 mm water stock capacity was clarified, and the performance of rainwater harvesting and the possibility of achieving Zero Water were investigated. The following findings were made.

 I. The situation of Water Using and the Performance of Rainwater Harvesting

 1) Annual water usage of the lecture building ranged from 16,700 m³ to 22,000 m³, with an average of 19,400 m³, and trended upward through 2017 as the rainwater harvesting system water usage increased. The raw water was about 20% rainwater and 40% each of both tap water and well water, and the rainwater harvesting system was almost entirely funded by about 30% rainwater and 70% well water.

 2) The rainwater utilization rate and rainwater replacement rate of the rainwater harvesting system were 71% and 33% respectively.

 3) The evapotranspiration on lecture building site was about 20% of the annual precipitation, which was about 13% less than on natural site. The total of evapotranspiration and infiltration was about 34%, which is about 33% less than the recommendation of the Architectural Institute of Japan "Technical Standard for Rainwater Harvesting ". As the installed rainwater harvesting system in the lecture building, about 30% of the annual precipitation was controlled by outflow.

 4) The average annual water charges of the lecture building without sewerage charges for cooling tower water were 9,600,000 yen, and the percentage of tap water and sewerage charges was 66% and 34%, respectively. As the installed rainwater harvesting system, the water charges was reduced about 41% and the initial cost recovery by the reduced water charges was about 9.5 years.

 5) The Zero Water achievement rate of the lecture building was about 53%.

 II. The Possibility of Zero Water

 1) When the use of raw water in the rainwater harvesting system was extended to drinking, the Zero Water achievement rate was about 80%, the rainwater utilization rate and rainwater replacement rate was improved to about 90% and 40% respectively, the rainwater outflow control effect and CO₂ emission reduction both was increased by 10% compared to the current using, and the initial cost recovery was reduced to 8.7 years.

 2) When the use of raw water in the rainwater harvesting system was expanded to drinking and the rainwater collection area was increased more than 1.15 times, Zero Water was achieved, and the rainwater replacement rate was increased to 42-44%, and the rainwater outflow control effect was increased 13-17% more than the current use. However, it was estimated that increasing the collection area by more than 1.15 times will not reduce water charges by much and will not shorten the recovery period for initial costs.

 3) In the future, it will necessary to consider the possibilities of Zero Water including introduction of green infrastructure and capacity of storage tank and water conservation.

本報では、今後大規模開発が想定されるエリアを対象に、ループ式熱源水ネットワークシステムをベースに電気・ガス・再生可能エネルギー（太陽光発電）、未利用エネルギー（海水温度差・地中熱利用・コージェネレーションシステムの排熱利用）を組み合わせた複合エネルギーネットワークシステムに関して、シミュレーションを用いた年間のエネルギー性能と、土工事等を含めた

全住宅でZEHを目指すのではなく、ZEH実現の困難度を考慮して建物特性に応じたエネルギー削減目標を設定した方が効率的である可能性があり、またZEH実現のプロセスとして一般的に考えられているパッシブ手法、高効率設備の導入、創エネという導入順序が経済的に合理的とは限らないことを考慮して、本研究では省エネ・創エネ手法の

東京大学では、中央式熱源機器更新においては事前計測を行うことにより、更新機器容量の最適化による