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  • 南口 誠直
    理学療法のための運動生理
    1988年 3 巻 1 号 29-35
    発行日: 1988年
    公開日: 2007/03/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 田口 康
    日本原子力学会誌ATOMOΣ
    2009年 51 巻 10 号 728-729
    発行日: 2009年
    公開日: 2019/06/17
    解説誌・一般情報誌 フリー
  • 河原 和枝
    スポーツ社会学研究
    1995年 3 巻 37-45
    発行日: 1995/03/20
    公開日: 2011/05/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    「フィットネス」の概念および実践の輸入と普及の過程は、ひとつの社会現象として注目に値する。80年代を通して、「フィットネス」は現代的なライフスタイルとして多くの人びとに採用されるようになっていった。フィットネス・クラブの数だけをとってみても、1980年には全国で246施設しかなかったが、1992年には1,564施設と6.3倍に達している。
    フィットネス・ブームの背景には、人びとの「健康志向」、あるいはその裏返しである「健康不安」がある。しかし「フィットネス」はたんなる健康法にとどまるものではなく、「健康」とは異質の「ファッション」(あるいは「美」) の要素をもっており、それがフィットネスの普及と定着の過程で重要な役割を果たした。そのことは、1980年代前半のエアロビクスの大流行によく示されている。
    以上の議論をふまえて、本稿の後半では、2つの視角から「フィットネス」のもつ社会的意味について検討する。まず、消費社会論の視角から、消費社会においては身体が消費の対象と化していくこと、のみならず身体の用い方 (たとえばフィットネス) までが一種の「スタイル」として消費されることを論じる。次に、知識社会学的な視角から、「フィットネス」をめぐるイデオロギー的状況について分析するとともに、ファッションの力によって一般の若い女性たちをまきこんだフィットネスが、女性たちの身体への意識を変容させたことにもふれる。
  • 稲福 健蔵
    新聞学評論
    1982年 31 巻 16-19
    発行日: 1982/06/01
    公開日: 2017/10/06
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 北田 和美
    大学体育
    2005年 32 巻 2 号 119-124
    発行日: 2005/12/15
    公開日: 2017/07/03
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 張 巧鳳
    運動とスポーツの科学
    2013年 19 巻 1 号 53-65
    発行日: 2013/12/30
    公開日: 2022/12/15
    ジャーナル フリー

    This study focuses on the introduction of aerobic dance in Japan in the beginning of the 1980s.It examines the image aerobic dance was given and how it was introduced. The results are as follows:

    (1)Ken Cooper’s book, Aerobics, was published in 1968. In it, Cooper defined “aerobics” as a variety of exercises, such as running, swimming and walking. The Cooper’s aerobics theory was introduced to Japan in the 1970s.

    (2)Jackie Sorensen devised “Aerobic Dancing” as the first aerobic dance program based on Cooper’s aerobics theory and opened a Japanese branch office in 1980. Ken Cooper visited the Asahi Aerobics Seminar held in 1981 where his theories were used to present aerobic dance as a form of physical fitness.

    (3)In 1982 The Sports Collection opened in Japan as an exercise club using aerobic dance from America. In the same year the advertising agency Daiiti Kikaku also presented aerobic dance to the Japanese public with the sponsor, Otukaseiyaku, broadcasting the television program “Aerobicise” and drawing from the Oronamin C Aerobics Campaign. Both of these were connected with a concept that explained aerobic dance as a form of entertainment or topical gimmick, and not an actual fitness program. These two experiments identified aerobic dance with an image of being a violent dance performed by women in high-cut leotards.

  • 桶村 久美子
    繊維製品消費科学
    2001年 42 巻 2 号 106-112
    発行日: 2001/02/25
    公開日: 2010/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Oto OGURA
    スポーツ産業学研究
    2002年 12 巻 1 号 39-50
    発行日: 2002/03/31
    公開日: 2010/07/27
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the 1980s, membership in fitness clubs, consisting mainly of studios and gyms became popular, and became the base of today's growth. Attracting female customers was the big reason the U.S. fitness industry made progress rapidly and greatly. The Japanese and the U.K. markets have been influenced by what happened in the U.S., and female customers have become the spring of early industrial prosperity. The purpose of this research is, by reference research, to clarify the trends of the fitness industry in the world fitness, mainly through reference to the industrial advanced nation the U.S., where the market scale exceeded 1 trillion yen, and also through reference to the fitness industry performance in Japan and U.K.. The following are the major findings. The membership in fitness clubs throughout the world is approximately 57 million. The market size next to that of the U.S. is 300 billion yen in Japan, followed by 240 billion yen in U.K., and 175 billion yen in Brazil. It is said that the European market may reach 1-1.4 trillion yen potentially. The U.S. membership is 30 million, Japanese is 2.9 million and U.K. is 2 .4 million. U.K. membership increased to as much as 26%. Regarding the number of listed companies. U.K. has nine companies, the U.S. has three, and Japan has two. The major companies are carrying out overseas expansion. Private investment companies estimate that this market promises to expand. Life cycles of studio programs have been extended by introduction of a series of new programs. Middle and older aged members are increased in Japan, owing to innovations. Fitness industry associations in Japan, U.S. and U.K. are working together closely for industry development.
  • 高須 裕彦
    社会政策
    2013年 4 巻 3 号 5-17
    発行日: 2013/03/20
    公開日: 2018/02/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    本稿は,社会政策学会第124回大会共通論題「福島原発震災と地域社会」の座長論文である。2011年3月11日の東日本大震災と東京電力福島第一原発事故は未曾有の原子力災害を引き起こし,深刻な放射能汚染は地域社会に大打撃を与え,未だ15万を超える人々が故郷を離れ,避難を余儀なくされている。これまで,社会政策学会は原発問題に正面から取り組んでこなかった。それを真摯に反省し,いまこそ,私たちは,自らの専門性を活かして,原発問題に取り組み,被災者支援や被災地域の再生,原発のない社会の実現に向けて取り組みを進めるべきである。本稿では,まず,私たちが原発とどのように向き合ってきたのか,なぜ,私たちは原発問題を研究課題として取り上げなければならないのかを議論する。次に,共通論題の企画の意図したもの,各報告内容とそれに対するコメントを述べる。最後に,私たちが取り組むべき課題を提起する。
  • ――シアトルのアジア系コミュニティの事例研究――
    西村 祐子
    文化人類学研究
    2001年 2 巻 23-43
    発行日: 2001年
    公開日: 2025/05/22
    ジャーナル フリー

      This paper explains how a strong civic engagement ethic emerged in Seattle’s Asian-American community in Seattle in the 1970s. Analyzing the emergence of both the new Pan-Asian identity and an ethnic identity of Japanese Americans, the paper discusses the acquisition of ‘civic skills’ as the core of American voluntarism.

      How did the Asian immigrants change themselves into ‘Asian Americans’?

      Going back to the early 20th century, this paper explains the history of Asian immigrants and the emergence of ‘ethnic’ communities and ‘cultural nationalism’ in American cities. The unique history of the Seattle Pan-Asian movement is explained through a discussion of the citizens’ action movement of the 1970s in the International District. Led by a younger Asian generation, the movement succeeded in removing the old guard of the international district, creating a ‘new’ “Asianness” through the re-interpretation of a multi-ethnic neighborhood history. The Pan-Asian movement also represents the transition of power from old guard (first generation Chinese) to a new multi-ethnic-coalition made up of well educated professionals of the second and third generations.

      Next, this paper discusses the restructuring of cultural identity among the Japanese Americans in 1970s Seattle. The second generation Japanese-Americans successfully created a new cultural identity, not as Japanese but as Japanese-Americans, first by creating a nonprofit organization called Seattle Keiro, which established a nursing home for the first generation Japanese Americans. The young professional community volunteers then initiated a discussion of social and political concerns which led to the organization of a photo exhibition of Japanese internment during World War II. Titled, “Pride and Shame,” the 1972 exhibit helped ignite the Japanese-American Redress movement and is an example of American civic engagement.

      American voluntarism undertaken by second generation Asian immigrants helped them acquire ‘civic skills’ (Wuthnow). Working within Christian and Buddhist church organizations, the volunteers acquired the skills to organize the Japanese-American community and mobilize its ‘social capital’ (Coleman, 1990) in civic engagement and multi-ethnic political movements.

      In the conclusion, the paper discusses the cultural differences between the U.S. and Japan in terms of grassroots voluntarism. In the U.S., faith-based and neighborhood organizations provide an opportunity for training in civic engagement while in Japan, such ‘ideology-based’ grassroots voluntary organizations are subsumed by semi-obligatory neighborhood organizations which act as mediators between the government and the residents. The U.S. data shows a higher percentage of civic engagement among highly educated and higher income groups, while in Japan, there is very little likelihood of involvement by urban professionals. In Japan, the opportunities to learn the skills of civic engagement are extremely limited.

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