Using Kashiwa City in Chiba Prefecture as a case of a suburban residential community in the Tokyo Metropolitan Region, the present study identified the trends of garden trees in detached houses with a focus on the development decade. We conducted a field survey and a stereoscopic aerial photo analysis to determine tree species, height, and canopy area in the selected districts by different development decades. The result can be summarized as follows; 1) The highest values were confirmed in both canopy area and number of species in the 1980s-developed district, while the values became lower in the 90s and 2000s. 2) Rebuilding of houses may influence the lower values in canopy area and number of species in the 1970s. 3) Few differences were found in tree height in the selected districts. 4) While Japanese-style gardens consisting of native species were preferred in the 70s and 80s, Western-style gardens became mainstream in the 90s. In the 2000s, more introduced species were found, and specific popular species were preferred.

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This research aims to know conditions for sustainable living in a pre-marginal hamlet in the rural area. The agricultural production and consumption rate of the hamlet were recorded from 15th to 20th March, 2012 in Embún, Aragón, Spain as a basic household survey. The following data were obtained. The pre-marginal rate of more than 55 years old were 54.0% among 87 residents, and the rate of owing farm and garden land were 80.8%. The 19 households were surveyed, as regard the farms and garden activities, the 35 villager (residents) works 5,135 days/year and 6 ex-villager (children) works 325 days/year, then cultivate 14.6% private farming area. The production items number were 56 items, of which 14 products were, produced more than 50% of households. To know the relations among the products items rate, the consumption items rate, the average age and the works day/year, the cluster analysis and the uncorrelated examination were carried out. As a result, those were divided almost two groups, the groups who are purchasing out of village and the other is not. The former groups, there were 0.85 correlation (p<0.5%) among the production items rate and the workers average age, and so on. As a conclusion, almost 40% villager merely conserves 15% farming land. However, those activities are said to be important for sustain of this village.

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1992年，東京都においてフッキソウに，茎が黒変し，茎枯れを起こし，また葉に濃淡褐色の輪紋状に斑紋を生じる病害が発生した.病斑部には数本の剛毛を伴う分生子座に鮭肉色の分生子塊が形成され，秋には茎の病斑上の分生子座上に紅色から深紅色で亜球形また卵形の子嚢殻が生じた.子嚢胞子は単胞，楕円形，無色，表面平滑であった.病斑部からの分離菌の分生子および菌そうの接種により病徴が再現され接種菌が再分離された.形態および接種試験結果から，病原菌は Pseudonectria pachysandricola B.O.Dodge ( 不完全世代 Volutella pachysandricola B.O.Dodge) と同定された.本菌はPDA平 板上において3-33 ℃で生育し適温は23 ℃であった.本菌のPDA平板上での菌糸伸長はベンズイミダゾール系およびエルゴステロール生合成阻害系の殺菌剤により抑制された.本報告はわが国におけるフッキソウ紅粒茎枯病の発生に関する最初の報告で，病名を提案した.

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昨今，都市の生物多様性の確保に関心が持たれつつあり，その確保のためには都市緑化の量を増やすことが重要だが，それと併せて自生種を選定することが望ましい。しかしながら，都市は植栽生育上厳しい環境を有するため，樹種選定上の自由度が限られる。そんな中で，最も条件の厳しいとされる建物緑化の植栽樹種の実態を調査することにより，建物緑化への自生種導入の可能性とその推進方法についての検討を行った。関東地域の主要都市における建物緑化植栽樹種の分析結果から，建物緑化であっても自生種を中心とした植栽は可能であること，また，行政の適切な関与が自生種率の向上に結びつくことが明らかになった。

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