本稿では近年大幅にその数が増加した介護付有料老人ホームに代表される介護特定施設について，事業収益への影響を中心にその評価を実施するにあたっての留意事項を概観，整理した。このような事業評価が必要とされる大きな背景として，特定施設事業への事業参入にあたり大きな資金需要が発生していることを挙げ，特定施設事業の性格と資金需要との関連を説明した。ここでは大規模かつ多施設を展開することが有利な事業特性，迅速に事業参入し展開することの必要性，事業者規模に対して相対的に大きな初期投資額が，旺盛な資金需要の背景にあることを述べた。
　次に事業収益に影響を及ぼすリスク要因を収入ダウンリスクとコストアップリスクに区分した後，さらに収入ダウンリスクを量的リスクと価格低下リスクに区分して，各々の項目とその性格について概説した。価格低下リスクはさらに，競争による価格低下と制度による価格低下に区分され，競争による価格低下リスクの評価には，同業者との価格の比較ならびに価格差を説明するモデル推定が有効であることを指摘した。
　さらに「価格」と「量」については，両者の関係と収入（益）を結ぶ相互関係の評価が必要であること，コストアップリスクについては，介護事業の特性に鑑み人件費の評価が中心となることを指摘した。

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Chemical fertilizers, pesticides and large-size machinery characterize present-day intensive agricultural operations. Technological advances in the application of those chemicals and machinery have made a large contribution toward solving the food problem, to be sure, but with detriment to the earth's environment and endangering man's health. Such untoward consequences were also observable not in agriculture and the manufacturing industry alone but in medicine and many other branches of science as well. In 1972, I was diagnosed with pesticide poisoning. With this as a turning point, I washed my hands of modern agriculture, which had been in my line for many years, and decided to do research in microbiology in earnest with my sights set on establishing farming of the sort that is friendly to the natural environment and compatible with the laws of nature. So far, I have harvested well over 2, 000 varieties of microbes. At least two years would be required for the study of one variety thoroughly if conventional methods were employed. So, I gave up all the old ways and resorted to my own method of eliminating harmful bugs and unpleasant odors using pH values and activated water. As a result, a symbiotic group of colonies made up of more than 80 kinds of “effective microorganisms”(EMs) has been formed.
Without reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, it has become possible to produce more than twice as much crops of high quality only by dint of EMs. Not only that, those microscopic organisms have proved to be surprisingly helpful in the improvement as well as conservation of the environment. Agricultural, livestock and fishery products produced through the use of EMs are rated high as healthy foods today. Now that it has been made clear that the favorable effects of EMs are due to the antioxidizing substances synthesized by EMs, the scope of their application is being expanded from the above-mentioned sectors to medicine, manufacturing industry, environmental protection, energy resource development and so on. Thus, the EM technology is hailed as something that will bring about a new industrial revolution.
The principle of the technology is very simple: Oxidation breaks down everything on earth, but is prevented by the work of antioxidizing substances formed in EMs. The application of this principle could not have been thought of no matter how much the knowledge of modern science as based on the law of entropy was extended. A good idea occurs when you get your thinking on a different track, see the natural phenomena as they are and study them multidimensionally.

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Skiing contributes a lot to boost local economy in mountainous areas. We estimated the economic impact of global warming on local economy through skiing. We obined per person expenditure by skiers, estimated how many skiers are in ski resorts in Nagano prefecture, and estimated how mach money is likely to be used according to the nember of visitors. We also estimated the size of indirect economic impact induced by consumption by skiers, using I-O analysis. Furthemore, we related the assumed rise of temperature with the number of visitors. Economic impact by skiers' expenditure is assumed to diminish 260-310 billion yen for 1°Ctemperature rise.

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本研究は, 脈絡のない要因同士が混在し変容を続ける地域環境下に生み出される空間と景観解釈のつながりの自己組織的生成・変容過程を捉える事を目的としている.東京芝浦地区を研究対象とし, 1980年以降の商業界隈としての空間変容を都市情報誌の分析史料調査及び, 現地調査を通じ, 個別商業施設の特徴の分析から, 景観解釈の変容を情報誌上の記述分析から明らかにした。これらの結果を相互参照し, 対象地の空間と景観解釈のつながりの自己組織的生成過程を異種混交環境の生起に起因した空間と景観解釈の相互作用の結果として, その変容過程を浮動的なつながりが空間・景観解釈の変化に常時影響を受け変容する過程として示した。

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Tourism industry or leisure industry meinly cosist of servece as usualy we called. However comtemparary service concept is changing which is tradetionaly concidered simply filling function for needs. This tendancy especialy is looked in this field. To understand this situation, in this paper tooked them and analysed city travel industry or tourism industry for tryed to identified “hospitality” instead of traditional meaning “service”. In Japan hospitality industry is not usede to general concept. Today hospital ity (helping skill or consult skill) are given to guest rather them service which is in social, technical, information, changing. City development or city function does not attract people without hospitality industry. Dataprocessing or high technology sociaty is decreasing traditional service. Hospitality concept in the tourism industry or leisure industry should be introduced.

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  The purpose of this paper is to discuss the dignity that Mr. B, who was once “Nushi” of a pachinko parlor (head of a store), emphasized, with reference to Max Weber's theory of charisma. From Mr. B's story, it can be said that he was in a considerably advantageous situation to get money, such as having the privilege to enter the store first. However, on the other hand, he didn't dare to get the money rationally which he emphasized was due to dignity. What is important to learn from Mr. B's practice is based on consideration for the store and general customers. In other words, the key of his practice was to express the attitude of valuing the relationship with the store and customers. This, in turn, kept him as a dignified person and also helped him to maintain the position of “Nushi” of the store.

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本稿はケーブルカーを核とする観光鉄道の現況を，主として経営面から概説したものである．路線の類型化，運行面における特徴，コスト構造，行楽地アクセスとしての地位，入込客数との相関を示し，廃止路線の要因分析を試みた．経営は厳しく廃止もみられるが，地域活性化に資し環境適合性の高い観光鉄道を再評価，存続維持を模索する時期にきている．

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自動倉庫: AS/RS (The automated storage and retrieval system) は土地の狭いわが国の現状にマッチし, 産業界の構造変化に対応しながら大きく発展を遂げてきた. すなわち単なる保管機能から流通機能への対応, FA/CIMの中の核としての機能, さらに物と情報の一体管理機能を兼ね備え, 第三次産業へも普及するなど, わが国の導入実績は世界一と言われている [3]. そこで物流における自動倉庫について分類し, 歴史と背景に触れ, 計画の手順とその中で必要となるサイクルタイムについて表示する. また実際に, 意思決定支援のプロセスであるシミュレーションを行いその結果について検討する.

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