本稿の目的は, 北海道におけるオートキャンプ場の現状と課題において, 道内のオートキャンプ場の特性を明らかにしようとするものである。まず最初に, 大都市圏から近距離にあるオートキャンプ場と遠距離にあるオートキャンプ場における利用者数を分析することである。二つ目は道内のオートキャンプ場の利用者数と四国内のオートキャンプ場の利用者数を分析することである。 オートキャンプ場の特性において, 大都市圏から近距離にあるオートキャンプ場と遠距離にあるオートキャンプ場間の分析結果の一つとして, あるマスコミの報道とは異なる結果を得た。また, 居住外利用者におけるオートキャンプ場の利用者数を分析した結果の一つとして, 四国のオートキャンプ場が北海道のオートキャンプ場より高いことが明らかになった。

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THIS PAPER AIMS TO CLARIFY HOW SEASIDE RESORT AREAS HAVE DEVELOPED IN THEIR HISTORY TOWARDS "SEASIDE RESORT CITIES". BASED ON THE SURVEY OF DEVELOPMENT HISTORY OF EIGHT RESORT CITIES (BRIGHTON, BLACKPOOL, NICE, ST.PETERSBURG, PALMBEACH, HONOLULU, MIAMI AND GOLDCOAST), COMPARATIVE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED AND FINDINGS ARE AS FOLLOWS. 1)EVERY RESORT CITY HAS, IN COMMON, 4 STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT (START-UP STAGE, GROWINGUP STAGE, TURNING STAGE AND URBANIZING STAGE) AND HAS STEPPED UP ON SUCCESSIVE STAGES WITH CHANGING HER CHARACTOR. 2)SEVERAL TYPES WHICH INDICATE THE CHARACTOR AS RESORT AREA OR RESORT CITY ARE CLARIFIED IN EACH STAGE, AND BY USING THESE CHARACTOR TYPES, SUCCESSIVE DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS TOWARDS RESORT CITIES WERE FORMULATED. 3)FACTORS AFFECTINGTHE DIRECTION OF TRANSITION WERE DERIVED AND EXAMINED.

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After the so called “resort law” was enacted in 1987, construction booms of new resort areas took place throughout the country. This movement has caused environmental disruption in many places, giving rise to various social problems and confusions concerning the objectives and the meaning of “resort area development”. With such situation in mind, this study took up the Genkai Recreation and Resort Area Development Plan presented by Fukuoka Prefecture, and conducted a questionnaire survey concerning the people's desire for the resort area development and their consciousness about its possible impacts to their living environment. It was found that people's appreciation of the environmental quality of their living areas was largely determined by their satisfaction with the state of public services and infrastructure systems currently available to them. Those who lived in countryside cities and towns tended to be less satisfied with their environmental conditions, making them prefer development rather than enviromental preservation. With respect to the content of desirable resort lives, people's dominant idea was a short-time or one-day family trip to recreational facilities rather than a long-time stay in a certain place to enjoy its good natural environment. People's idea about “resort life” as suggested by this survey seemed immature compared with that in European countries. Fundamental change in people's working habit and values would be essential to disseminate true resort lives in Japan.

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Fueled by the incentives created by the New Resort Law, corporations’ new venture business divisions are busy pursuing the opportunities to expand and restructure the domestic market. Although, strategically, the incorporation of the joint venture type relationship-whereby a master planner is designated to assume the role to coordinate and integrate the several operations-has been accepted as an effective vehicle to gain access to this expanding market, successful adoption of such a strategy has yet to be realized. At the expense of the traditional collective management styles of the Japanese firm, failure to define the master planner has forced a situation whereby leadership and decision making roles go unassumed. This article penetrates the system, accentuates the shortcomings of the collective managerial system, and ultimately defines the proponents considered essential to executing an effective “JV-type” resort development strategy.

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韓国の農漁村の競争力喪失による地域的後退を克服するために農漁村活性化対策として、自然環境と農漁村生活の保護及び利用可能なグリーンツーリズムの導入が活発に進行している。このような状況を踏まえて、本研究の目的は、事例地域のグリーンツーリズムに関する導入と運営の実態の把握を通じ、韓国における今日のグリーンツーリズムの特性や問題点を明確にし、その方策を提示することである。韓国のグリーンツーリズムの問題点としては、第1に、主に個別農漁家を中心に行われていること、第2に、施設建築様式の地域的統一性や、伝統性を無視した集落の景観破壊、第3に、運営主体である地域住民との交流および教育的効果・情報交換の機能による個人の経済的な利益創出中心の思考方式によるホスピタリティ精神の不足、第4に、一部の特別関心旅行客（SIT）に限定された狭いグリーンツーリズムの観光市場がある。 　特に、本研究の事例地域として取り上げた2地域は、グリーンツーリズムが成功した地域であり、地域住民の自律的な参加によるネットワーク強化を果たした開発地域の龍湖里と、少数指導者による生態資源開発を誘導している長華里である。韓国におけるグリーンツーリズム発展の要因としては、自然環境の保存と維持、地元農漁家の主体的あるいは自発的な意思決定による開発、農業経営主体間の協力体系の構築、制度的補助の整備、宿泊施設の多様性や設備、農業基盤及び農漁村生活基盤の整備、情報システムの構築などが挙げられる。

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This paper reports the investigation for ski resorts to study differences on preferences for environments between areas. To compare criteria for preferences quantitatively, conjoint analysis was adopted. In Tokyo, Paris and Sendai, the subjects were recruited and asked to rank order the stimulus cards prepared. As for one-day ski trip type, there were few differences between Tokyo and Sendai, while as for several-day ski trip type, there were obvious differences between Tokyo and Paris. The subjects were divided into sub categories according to similarity of preferences by cluster analysis. For one-day ski trip type, the composition of categories were similar for Tokyo and Sendai. As for several-days ski trip type, there were distinct differences yet some similarities between Tokyo and Paris. A cause of the major difference was the existence of a category, that stressed the importance of accommodation.

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In July 2004, a large resort hotel opened on the estuary of the Urauchi River, Iriomote Island, Japan. The distinct environment of this area, which includes many endangered species, makes it important academically. However, no study has examined the environmental impact of development of this resort. Academic associations have claimed that the company and politics prevented an environmental assessment. The Ecological Society of Japan has founded a committee to examine the follow-up activities of public requests for development. Several types of investment, including academic studies to obtain basic information and public announcements, may have some effect on conservation. Hereafter, political investments of society and the social activities of specialists as independent individuals should play an important role in promoting conservation in this area.

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本研究は、全国有力５紙の社説と専門誌の記事及びそのタイトルをもとに、総合保養地域整備法（法）制定以降のに関する言説の変遷を分析した。得られた知見は以下の通りである。（1）37社説にみる論点は６点に分けられ、総括的には、開発、法について論じられる傾向が強かったといえる。（2)専門誌426記事にみる論点は10点に分けられ、“これから何をつくっていくか”から“でき上がったものをどう運営していくか”に徐々に論点が推移していったといえる。(3)多くの専門家は問題点を十分認識しそれを指摘しているものの、対症療法的な提案以外は具体的・実践的解決策は少ない。

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本稿では,バブル経済崩壊以降の構造不況下における開発問題の実態を解明することを目的としている。この1990年以降の開発問題とは,開発跡地における総花的な開発資本による「林地投機」の動向にほかならない。そこで,福島県会津フレッシュ構想地域の市町村を対象に,林地取引に関する調査を実施した。その結果,開発資本による林地取引は,まず第一に,バブル経済全盛期(1986〜1991年)にかけて取引量が多くなり,県外者への転売が多い傾向にあった。第二には,観光資源が豊富な磐梯山周辺地域で,投機効率の高い可能性を持つ林地が取引対象になっていた。第三には,猪苗代町・北塩原村では小規模の「別荘地等」,磐梯町・河東町・会津若松市では大規模の「レジャー施設等」「資産保有」目的で林地取引を行う傾向にあった。第四には,財政規模の大きい会津若松市では「資産保有」型の林地取引が非常に多くなり,開発利益を期待した「林地投機」が実施されていた。第五には,バブル経済崩壊後,林地価格の下落により「不良債権化」した投機対象林分では,開発資本による森林の放置と管理放棄が拡大しており,森林荒廃の一要因を形成していることが明らかとなった。

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After the Resort development Act (Sougou Hoyou Chiiki Seibi Hou) was approved in 1987, there has been a rush of resort development planning all over Japan. Using as an example the Furano-Taisetu resort areas in Hokkaido, this article describes some major legal and environmental problems affecting the local community when resort development occurs.
1. The analysis is based on interview surveys conducted in 1990 of both staff working in the field of regional promotion in nine local governments in the Furano-Taisetu resort areas and some residents living around them.
We draw attention to the following four points: (1) A case (that of Biei Cho) involving citizen participation in the process of resort planning is considered to be a model for local self-reliance; (2) It is important for local governments to establish regional organizations of their own (such as an organization involving both public and private sectors) to produce and sell their own products, and to bring about some change in the current marketing system; (3) Awareness of the importance of taking environmental considerations into account will lead to the development of agriculture and rural resorts in ways compatible with the environment; (4) It is necessary to keep a balance of employment between resorts and agriculture.
2. In order to solve resort development problems, which have become both complex and menacing, we must implement measures beforehand and in a unified and comprehensive manner, rather than post facto and ad hoc.
Nature conservation and resort development should not be in opposition but mutually cooperative, as they are dependent on each other. While advocating programmes and measures to tackle existing problems, The Holistic view requires an ecological and preventative approach to environmental management, integrating environmental considerations with resort development. As I pointed out in my remarks on law and governmental guidance, existing institutional mechanisms and practices, such as an environmental impact assessment system, plans for environmental control and ecological land-use, are not adequate for conducting resort planning. Local government authorities still need to make more efforts to undertake further environmental assessments as part of resort development.
Local governments should establish local environmental programmes and land-use guidelines.
In conclusion, an integrated approach towards solving environmental problems is indispensable when planning future resort development. A fundamental part of the solutions must be increased individual awareness of the problems. Therefore, appropriate behavior by the public must be encouraged.

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