甲府市街地の形成の変遷を街路空間と土地利用とに着目して概観し、都市形成の発想、社会や空間構造の変化などを考察した。武田時代から江戸時代へは、武田時代の町人街をとり込みながら、新しい城下町の形成をはかるニュータウン形成であった。江戸時代から明治時代へは市街地の大きな移動はなく武家地の官公庁用地と民間用地への転換が主で、中心部再開発であった。明治36年の中央線の開通は商業・業務の中心核を駅前へ転換し、街路網形成の中心が甲府駅となった。戦後の急成長による人口増加、基盤整備の不足、モータリゼーションは甲府盆地全域へのスプロール的開発による分散化と、幹線街路整備によって対応された。戦前戦後を通して市街地は拡大し、モータリゼーションと住宅地の郊外分散化は商業立地の分散化を促した。

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「ボルドー」や「ラインガウ」のようなワインの地理的表示は，伝統的なワイン生産国では当然のルールとして定着している。わが国では，これまで単式蒸留焼酎や清酒の一部に地理的表示が指定されていたが，平成25年7月に初めてのワインの地理的表示として国税庁長官から「山梨」が指定された。地理的表示は知的所有権として保護されるほか，EUでは「樽発酵」などの表示をするには地理的表示が必要とされている。海外で日本の地理的表示が認められるには今後の交渉が必要となるが，今回の指定は大きな前進と言える。

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When 19, 900 persons that died in the Yamanashi Kyoto district during the 289 years from the middle Edo era to the present according to the necrologies available at 7 temples in the district in which diseases as causes of death are scarcely entered were classed into two age groups, ie, one aged not less than 10 years and the other aged less than 10 years, and by each month, the death curves in the two groups showed the respective characteristic patterns. A survey was also made by a similar method on 8073 persons that died during 82 years and are entered in the necrology of an O temple in the Hida district in which diseases as causes of death are entered. As a result. the death curves of the two groups in this district showed the respective characteristic patterns according to the kinds of infections. When the death curves due to small pox, typhoid, measles, dysentery, which were so obtained were compared with the death curves in the Yamanashi district, it was found that these infections followed very close courses in the two districts, though there were some lags between the districts. In both the Yamanashi and the Hida district, it was noted that the major causes of death in the aged group were typhoid, cholera, influenza, famine, battle, and those in the younger group, small pox, measles, dysentery. Moreover, each kind of disease, showing its characteristic pattern, was often recognizable. Severe famine and big battles were overlapped or complicated by these diseases, to make the disasters more serious. The disease structure in the pre-war period was fundamentally altered from about 1955 on. The deaths due to infection and tuberculosis and those of neonates that had persisted since the Edo era drastically decreased, to be taken over chiefly by adult diseases in the post-war period. Seasonal alterations in the causes of death in the year show such a pattern that the peak deaths due to infection and and the peak deaths of neonates in summer that had persisted to and including the Meiji era have been overcome, to disappear in and after 1955. Annual and decadal alterations in the causes of death were then examined epidemiologically, and this disclosed the status of outbreak of infections and the occurrence of famine that had varied from district to district. Long-term alterations in the distribution of these causes of death by age showed the predilect ages of deach due to infection, death due to famine and death in battle, the frequencies of them, and the complications by them, and further disclosed alterations in the disease structure. When the causes of death in the Hida Takayama district were compared with those in the Yamanashi Kyoto district, the disease structures in the two districts during the past about 300 years proved basically close to each other, but there was marked difference in the occurrence of famine or in the outbreak of cholera between the two districts. We have proposed a method which is capable of unraveling the causes of death of inhabitants all over Japan during the period of from the middle Edo era to the present, based on the actual reliable status of death according to the necrologies, even if not filled in with diseases as causes, witn reference to the local history and to the chronological tables of Japanese and local histories as presented in the foregoing.

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In Meiji Era and Taisho Era, I tried analysis for the management imaginative power and the managing ethics view of the entrepreneurs of Yamanashi, and the entrepreneurs of Shizuoka. The entrepreneurs of Shizuoka succeeded in fusion of morality and economy by having made HOUTOKU into the management concept. On the contrary, since the entrepreneurs of Yamanashi did not have a specific managing ethics view like HOUTOKU, their tendency which gives priority to profits was strong. As a result, there was no development process of such industry in Yamanashi where various modern industries were brought forth from precedence industry in Shizuoka.

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This study identifies the characteristics of the combat techniques used in martial arts practiced in the Middle Ages; it also clarifies the relationship between the ethics of martial arts and those of Bushi warriors that practiced martial arts.

The documentation of martial arts is confined to textbooks on martial arts practiced in the Edo era, and there are few descriptions of martial arts practiced in the Middle Ages. Books on “Heiho" not only serve as textbooks describing strategies and tactics but also details personal combat techniques. Therefore, this study referenced books on “Koshu-ryu Heiho, " including Heiho Hidensyo on combat techniques and Koyo Gunkan to gain an insight into the ethics of warfare.

The following results were obtained by this study:

1. In Heiho Hidensyo, the word heiho refers to combat techniques for the purpose of killing or simply inflicting injury. Martial arts practiced in the Middle Ages (heiho) had three characteristics: (1) “total compatibility," ensuring that the various arms work in unity; (2) “situational flexibility, " to innumerable circumstances the enemy could create and the situations on the battleground that could be diverse; and (3) “technical flexibility, " to the various rather than a fixed approach for combat in terms of employing arms or physical techniques.

2.In Koyo Gunkan, the word yumiya refers to combat techniques to kill or inflict injury, and the word bu-gei refers to combat arts with special ability. Such words that refer to combat ability have ethical implications. These preliminary signs indicate that combat techniques were employed in keeping with the mentality of the Bushi class.

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In the alluvial fan in Japan, the settlement of villages had lagged behind other areas mainly because of the lack of water. However, the villages of the upland field in the Midai-gawa alluvial fan have developed on a large scale since the Edo period, in spite of the scantiness of water and the low agrarian productivity. In order to explain this phenomenon, the author has tried to examine the peddling activity of this area and the agrarian base of the peddlers, since many villagers of this area had depended upon the peddling activity for supplementary income.
Edo and Meiji period: the peddling from this area was called Nouri-Seriuri. Many villagers seem to have gone to the nearby areas to sell their homemade agricultural products, mainly, raw cotton, tobacco, kaki (Japanese persimmon) and vegitables. The major part of the economic side activity during the leisure season for the male villagers was Nouri-Seriuri and they could get sizable sums of cash income.
Since the Taisho period: The former raw cotton and tobacco fields were changed into mulberry ones. But the income from the mulberry farming could not be stabilized. Connsequently, the villagers came to depend upon peddling more than ever. At the same time, the means of transportation were improved and the peddling organizations with one boss and a few salesmen came to be formed on large scales. The homemade agrarian products were replaced by drapers and dresses which, in turn, were perchased by the organizations from the wholesalers. As a result, the peddling activity flourished more and more and reached the height of its prosperity just after the World War II, when almost all the male villagers were engaged in it.
But mainly because profitable jobs as factory workers or construction laborers could be gained in the neighborhood since about 1960, the peddling activity has declind sharply. Only a few old villagers are engaged in peddling now.
Next, the author examined the agricultural bases of the peddlers in Momozono, one of the villages of the upland field in the Midai-Gawa alluvial fan. It became clear that the peddling activities were positively undertaken by the villagers who had only small cultivated fields, and further that many peddlers tried to increase their agricultural holdings and to devote themselves more to the cultivation of agriculture.

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In March 1943, during the Pacific War, an Administrative Inspection system was enacted. The purpose of this system was assigning a minister of the state or cabinet adviser as a inspector, to examine the production and to point out problems to productivity increase. Such Administrative Inspections were carried out 13 times in all by the end of the war. Each one was characteristic of the war situation at the time of it implementation. The first inspection was carried out on government policy penetration into the iron and steel industry in Kanagawa Prefecture. As the result of this inspection, the government established a region administrative council. The third inspection aimed at increasing aircraft production in contrast to the first one which had had put emphasis on the administrative aspect. The inspection report said that aircraft production was certain to rise 2.5 times utilizing the existing facilities and labor. The result of this third inspection exerted influence on. the establishment the Munitions Ministry. The eighth inspection was performed on provisions. This time, unlike former inspections, it pointed out the need to revise the existing uniform policy, and regain the people's trust in the food administration. Administrative Inspection helped to gather data on the Japanese economy in order to formulate government policy. The goal of Administrative Inspection was wartime productivity increase. There were a few sectors that did increase output temporally, but all decreased after; and confused production fields can also be found. The government provided incentives for an increase in productivity by helping to supply equipment, raw materials and labor, relaxing restrictions, and correcting irrational policies. However, there existed a restrictive factor in the pressure to increase productivity from the military and the bureaucracy. Therefore, there were both incentives and restrictions factor in the policy to increase wartime productivity, resulting in policy failed to invoke spontaneous cooperation from the Japanese people.

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