Media and Information Literacy (MIL) in South Korea began as a civic movement by intellectuals, journalists, and students during the military dictatorship in the 1970s. After the June Conflict and the end of the military dictatorship in 1987, the guarantee of freedom of thought and expression was also expanded. In the 1990s, opposition parties, critical intellectuals, and civil society groups demanded legislation on freedom of expression and the right to know, as well as institutional reforms such as public access for the media. The 2000s saw the beginning of government support for MIL, including public access. Regional media centers were also established. In 2009, the 2007 Revised Curriculum, which incorporates critical reading and creation of media, was applied. We have now entered a new phase in the search for a MIL for a mature democracy. And in 2020, UNESCO announced the “MIL Seoul Declaration by All for All” at the Global MIL Week. From now on, it is expected that there will be continuous dialogue and cooperation between Japan and South Korea for the development of MIL. Today’s challenges include the following: 1. Achieving a balanced MIL and dealing with disinformation and hate speech. 2. Establishing an on- and offline education system. 3. Achieve digital inclusion. 4. Guarantee MIL as a basic education to all citizens. 5. Enact the “MIL Basic Law”. In Korea, the relevant ministries and agencies have jointly decided on the “Comprehensive Plan for Strengthening Digital Media and Communication Capabilities.” In other words, the plan aims to expand the infrastructure of on- and offline media education, strengthen the people’s ability to produce digital media and discern media information, and expand the digital citizenship of compassion and participation.
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