The sequence of approach spaces to Buddhist temples was studied, from the point of leading peoples to. Attractions of 51 photographs, representing elements (entrance, stone pavement, stone steps, gate, main hall, bridge, bend), taken in 6 temples approach spaces in Nagano prefecture liyama city, were evaluated in 7 stages by 35 peoples. As results, 1:Attractions of entrance, stone pavement, stone steps and bridge were different in go and back. 2:Attractions were changing stronger gradually according to the approaching the main hall. 3:The space attraction between the gate and the main hall was developed by the existence of the gate.

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Since 1991, Housing Master plans for composite, systematic and spatial housing policy have been made by municipalities. This paper deals with the basic framework (population, households, number of houses etc.), areal division and types of urban residential district in Housing Master Plans in the Tokyo ward area in order to compare and analyze these plans.
Through this analysis, it seems that there are some issues to re-examine in the Housing Master Plans. First, there should be a stronger linkage between the plans' basic framework and actual supply by various kinds of housing providers. Second, areal division and types of residential districts should be planned in greater detail to achieve and improved spatial housing policy.

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What is most important at present is how to repair and rehabilitate many of the buildings constructed in the Mass-Housing Period, especially the multi-family buildings. We carried out this research with the purpose of gaining a perspective on the business of rehabilitation of the housing stock in Japan. Parti mainly showed the contents of reha- bilitation works of multi-family dwellings. Part2 led to the following results by means of the case studies and analyses on the rehabilitation works in 5 countries; Denmark, France, Germany, Japan, and the U.S. 1. Analyses on the financial conditions led to the concern between contents and costs for rehabilitation works, and the supporting methods for financing. 2. Analyses on the systematic conditions explained who had made the decisions and what decisions had been done in the processes of rehabilitation.

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　戦後の大量な住宅不足に対し，集合住宅を中心に計画的な大量供給が行なわれた時期を，ここでは「マスハウジング期」と呼ぶ。この時期に建設された大量の住宅は，その多くが今日も住まわれており，殆どの先進国において今日の住宅ストックの大きな部分を構成しているという現実がある。しかも，それらはたとえ質的な水準が低いとしても，様々な要因から容易に建て替えることができないという問題がある。従って，当面重要な課題は，マスハウジング期に建設された多くの住宅，殊に集合住宅を，今後とも住み続けるに相応しいストックとして，いかに手を加え，再生させるか，その手法である。　本研究では，デンマーク，フランス，ドイツ，アメリカの4か国より研究者を得て，日本を含む5か国に関して，マスハウジング期に建設された集合住宅の内容と量的な位置づけを整理し，その再生工事の一般的な状況について資料収集を行なった上で，再生工事については各国ともに個別性が強いという現実を考慮し，各国のマスハウジング期において典型的であった構法による集合住宅という条件の下，各国少数の事例を選定し，出来る限り詳細な内容を調査し，その結果を比較分析する方法をとった。これにより，以下の3点から各国の再生手法の共通性，特異性が各々明らかにされた。即ち，第1に再生工事において何がなされたか，その詳細な内容と費用，第2に再生工事の費用がどのような財源によって補われたか，その経済的な成立条件，第3に再生工事に関わる意志決定がどのような主体により，どのような過程でなされたか，その組織的な成立条件に関してである。以上の成果に基づき，研究のまとめでは，国際比較における日本の時殊性と，今後必要な国際的研究課題とに論究している。

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In order to study the natural period and the damping factor of conventional wooden-framed houses, and to consider the possibility of applying microtremor measurement to seismic diagnosis, we investigated 238 two-storied houses, and analyzed the results based on shaking table tests using9 full-scale models. Major findings are as follows: 1) As the housing becomes newer, the natural period becomes shorter, and the damping factor and the evaluation of seismic diagnosis become higher. 2) The natural period becomes shorter in accordance with construction stage, and the stiffness of completed house is about four times greater than that of the framework with bracing members and bearing walls. 3) The elastic period obtained by the sweep vibration tests, whose input acceleration values are from 25 to 30 gals, has a relation to the natural period. 4) The natural period based on microtremor measurement is not sufficient to estimate the evaluation of seismic diagnosis. 5) As the stiffness obtained by seismic diagnosis does not correlate closely with that obtained by microtremor measurement, it would be difficult to estimate the stiffness of seismic diagnosis from microtremor measurement.

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The maximum strength as well as the energy absorption capacity of beam-columns which is determined by lateral torsional buckling is studied by carrying out,experiments under various loading conditions with consideration to the states in which columns are subjected to loads during earthquakes. The loading conditions in the experiments are as follows: (1) Monotonic horizontal loading under constant axial force, (2) Cyclic horizontal loading under constant axial force, (3) Cyclic horizontal loading under varying axial force, (4) Random, cyclic horizontal loading under random fluctuating axial force. It was ascertained that plastic hysteresis lowers the lateral torsional buckling strength of beam-columns.

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This paper is concerned with the relation between progressive construction systems and housing policy, in case of British recovery period, defining some elements : situation of housing, priority which was provided by polotical parties and interactions between central government and locals. The conclusion are as follows : the selection of construction depeneds on altenatives which were conventional and industrialized, becouse of fixed financing. The political party decided the priority by social needs and financing, although selection of advanced system was rare, except of emergency. Local government should have principal staffs being familia new construction and be reorganized to accomplish efficiency

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Standing on an assumption that development of house construction depends upon the popularization, it is important to define the process. From the point of view, this paper picked up four factors ; quality control for materials and components, diffusion of new technique for professional and laymen, structural design standards, and condition of labours. The author got the conclusion from this research, as follows ; The British Standard influenced the quality control, because of it's long history, never stopped at the war period. The popularization of new technique developed with the state policy, supported by advisory committees. The establishment of structural design related with engineers preference, in case of steel, and traditional system retarded progress, because of accustumed method. The problem of labours was a key factor for not only traditional method, but also innovational. Finaly, it should be said that the contribution of the state acted very important role in this field.

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The Bijlmermeer housing project in Amsterdam which was built during the sixties and seventies has been a "problematic estate" soon after the opening of the town because of an increase of vacancy of flats, vandalism, criminality and so on. And now the regeneration project is being taken place from the beginning of nineties. The method of regeneration consists of three pillars of spatial, socio-economic and management renewal. The purpose of this study is to assess the results of the renewal achieved and explore how these three pillars of renewal work accompanying synergy effects.

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The objective of this study is to clarify actual conditions on the renewal procedures of the building agreement and make effective functions for building up residential environment through neighborhood participation by application of the agreement. In this research, it was found that, even in areas where the building agreement had been concluded by the developer, agreements in many of the communities had been renewed with the residents placing high evaluation on the agreement. Furthermore, it was clarified that various measures were established according to the actual status of the communities by varying the contents and areas subject to the agreements. And then the basic conditions were examined to promote neighborhood consensus for operating the building agreement over a long period of time. The conditions according to the reasons of concluding the agreement or according to environmental conditions of the community were argued to be the keys for promoting neighborhood consensus for the agreement.

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　近年わが国では，地域に即したよりきめ細かな住宅政策の確立が求められている。その一方で，公共住宅主導型のモデルとして評価が高かったイギリスの住宅政策は，80年代を通じて急激な変動を経験した。本研究では，特に80年代のイギリス住宅政策の分析を通して，わが国の住宅政策に対する教訓を得ることを目的としている。とりわけイギリス住宅政策の中心的役割を担ってきた，地方自治体の対応に着目しながら，基本的動向を地域住宅政策の再構築として把握しようとしている。地域住宅政策の基本的性格として考えられるのは，①地域住民の多様な住要求の把握，②自治体における総合的な行政サービス，③地域社会の形成と住民参加の重視の2点にまとめられよう。このうち住要求の把握については，毎年環境省に提出すHIPs（住宅投資計画）で自治体は経験を蓄積してきている。ところが80年代には，HIPsはその機能と限界を問われ始めた。そればかりでなく，総合的な行政サービスの実現のための，自治体内地域分権さえも出現し，住宅行政全般の見直しも進められてきた。本論では，こうした80年代のイギリス住宅政策の動向を視野に入れながら，次のような課題について具体的な分析を行なった。①住宅政策における国と地方自治体の役割分担の変遷②自治体住宅行政機構と地域分権化の実態③自治体住宅行政における住居管理システムの実態④自治体における地域住宅計画の策定　なお本研究は2か年度にわたり行なわれるもので，ここではその1として報告するものである。

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This paper investigates various aspects of the residential developments of suburbs in Keijo former Seoul. They had spread out of the city walls of Hanyang former Keijo, during the period of the Japanese rule. Before the middle of 1930s, people had chosen residential areas as good environments and surroundings in the suburbs. After that, Keijo-Fu had planned residential development by land rejustment. While it had taken long time, private companies had constructed many residential developments avoiding the sites of land rejustment. People chose residential areas as not only the sites for dwellings but also investments.

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　イギリスの住宅政策は，従来公共住宅主導型のモデルとして評価されてきたが，80年代を通して大きな変動を経験した。とりわけ住宅政策の中心的な役割を担ってきた地方自治体は，政府による住宅予算の削減や持家政策の促進と公営住宅政策の後退の中で，中央政府や地域住民の住宅要求との関係において新たな対応を迫られている。本研究は，このような地方自治体における住宅政策の新たな模索に着目しながら，それが従来の公営住宅を中心としたものから民間部門を含む包括的なものヘ，さらに地域住民の要求により密着した行政サービスシステムヘの転換への試みとして位置づけられることを検証し，今後の自治体住宅政策に求められている基本的要件を明らかにしようとするものである。第1に，80年代イギリス住宅政策の動向を概観しながら，中央政府と地方自治体との権限と役割さらに地方住宅財政システムの変遷を通して，戦後の福祉国家政策の解体と住宅政策における中央統制の強化および市場原理の導入，それに対抗する自治体住宅政策の分権化と包括的な住宅政策への試みを検討し，本研究におけるキーワードである「地域住宅政策」の位置づけを行なっている。第2に，いくつかの地方自治体の住宅行政機構と住宅政策の内容すなわち地域分権化，地域住宅要求の把握，総合的な地域住宅計画の策定，そして住民参加の仕組みを分析し，「地域住宅政策」の枠組みを明らかにした。第3に，「地域住宅政策」の内容と実態をより具体的に把握するために，いくつかの地方自治体における住居管理の内容を分権化の方向と対応させて明らかにした。　結局，本研究では自治体住宅政策はその内容において，①地域住宅要求の把握，②包括的行政サービス，③住民参加，という3つの基本的要件をもつ「地域住宅政策」の確立が求められているという結論を導き出している。

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 This paper aims to describe the role of housing companies rooted in traditional mutual loan system in Japan's housing supply from Taisho period to postwar period. House ownership rate increased rapidly in this period, these companies developed in synchronization with it. This paper also aims to analyze the process of the diffusion of home ownership from the viewpoint of private companies and consumers.
 These companies were called ‘‘Jutaku Mujin’’ in prewar period, and called ‘‘Geppu Jutaku’’ in postwar period. I collected 8 representative companies' company histories and founder's publications. In the result, these companies can be traced back to older age, they were more various in marketing method and locality than previously known, and most of them had strong connection in personnel.
 ‘‘Jutaku Mujin’’ companies developed since 1930s and ‘‘Geppu Jutaku’’ companies developed since 1950s because of the shortage of housing and the increase of motivation of having home ownership. Existed laws had difficulty to regulate them, so some of them were likely to be recognized as social problem. At times the problem of these companies were examined in National Diet both prewar period and post war period.
 These companies could come to market with small capitals, but client tended to have complaint about the condition of breaking leases because of their characteristic of mutual loan system. ‘‘Geppu Jutaku’’ companies developed and had about estimated 7% share of privately provided houses especially in 1960s.
 These companies have not been succeeded nowadays. New prefabrication method and home loan system by private banks seemed to take the place of these companies. But they had significance that they could supply houses which government couldn't covered.

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