剖検標本手術標本を用い大腸粘膜微細模様の基礎的検討を行い,X線検査,内視鏡検査および直視下生検により,微細模様像の臨床診断的意義について検討した.　大腸粘膜の肉眼的微細模様は有溝型,部分的有溝型,無溝型に分類可能で,その出現頻度は手術例では89%が有溝型,部分的有溝型7%,無溝型4%であったが,剖検例では84%が無溝型であった.　粘膜の高さが500μ以上であれば肉眼的に溝を認め,500μ以下に萎縮すると溝は消失する.又萎縮傾向を認めるものに炎症所見を認めた.　大腸粘膜微細模様の描出能はX線検査では75%,通常内視鏡検査では51%,色素内視鏡検査では100%であった.　生検所見を点数評価基準によって整理し,正常型,中間型,炎症型の3型に分類した.生検正常型の71%はX線的にも正常と判定できたが,生検炎症型の64%しか異常を指摘できなかった.一方色素内視鏡検査では生検正常型の83%に正常模様を認め,炎症型の93%に異常を認め,粘膜様像を十分現し組織学的変化を示現できた.

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Image sensors working with pulse modulation measuring scheme are proposed for applications of bioimaging and biosensing. A dynamic range of 120dB and a minimum sensing intensity level of 20nW/cm^2 were obtained. It is also confirmed that 5% of intensity change is detectable at the minimum intensity region.

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The influence of stress ratio on the retardation of surface fatigue crack growth of mild steel in sea water was investigated by varying the testing frequency from 0.2Hz to 10Hz and the temperature from 288K to 298K at two stress ratios of 0.32 and 0.5. For both stress ratios, there appeared to be a frequency at which the rate of crack growth showed maximum. This frequency increased with the increase of the temperature, although the maximum of the crack growth rate decreased with the increase of the temperature. Furthermore, the rate of crack growth increased with the increase of the testing frequency up to a certain frequency, but it started to decrease with the further increase of the testing frequency. At lower testing frequencies and for the two stress ratios employed here, there appeared to be a critical frequency at, or below which the rate of crack growth in sea water was so low that it could be regarded as virtually zero. This critical frequency increased with increase of the sea water temperature. At temperatures in the range between 288K and 298K, the critical frequency was higher at the stress ratio of 0.5 than that of 0.32. These observations can be explained reasonably by crack tip blunting caused by dissolution in sea water.

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The clinical effectiveness of roxithromycin (RXM), a new semisynthetic macrolide, in the treatment of allergic rhinitis was evaluated. Thirty-one patients who were treated in our outpatient clinic for Japanese cedar pollen-induced allergic rhinitis were selected for this clinical trial. They were treated with 150 mg/day of RXM in addition to the same medication they had received in the 1992 pollen season. RXM was administered from the 1993 pre-season until the end of May, 1993. The clinical efficacy of RXM was evaluated by a comparison of the nasal symptoms in 1992 season with those seen in 1993.
1. The respective improvement rates for sneezing attacks, nasal hypersecretion, and nasal congestion were 53.3%, 50%, and 50%.
2. Improvement and slight improvement rates according to Okuda' a criteria for general improvement were 45.2% and 58.1%, respectively.
3. Improvement and slight improvement rates judged from questionnaires about general improvement were 45.2% and 58.1%, respectively.
4. RXM administration superimposed on specific immunotherapy contributed significantly to clinical relief of nasal symptoms during the pollen season (improvement: 58.8%; slight improvement: 76.5%).
5. RXM administration superimposed on nonspecific anti-allergic treatment had little effect on nasal symptoms during the season (improvement: 28.6%; slight improvement: 35.7%).
6. Side effects were noted in 2 patients; slight upper abdominal discomfort.
Our clinical study suggests that RXM is effective in the treatment of Japanese cedar pollen-induced allergic rhinitis. An additional suggestion is that RXM may enhance the mechanism by which specific immunotherapy alleviates nasal symptoms.

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In development process of electrophotography, charged toner particles move to form image by the electrostatic force in a micro-gap between photoreceptor drum and development roller. To improve image quality and prevent image defects, it is important to clarify the motion of toner particles and to study the effects of electric field. In the present study, PIV system is used to measure the velocity of toner particles and the measured results were discussed comparing with the calculated electric field. It was confirmed that the velocity of toner particles increased with increasing electric field intensity. These results show the usefulness of PIV system to measure the motion of toner particles in development process.

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ラマトロバン(バイナス^®錠)は, トロンボキサンA₂ (TXA₂)受容体拮抗薬であり本邦における臨床試験においてその有用性が証明され, 2000年に承認されたアレルギー性鼻炎治療薬である. 本剤は, 通常成人にはラマトロバンとして1回75mgを1日2回経口投与する. 本剤は血小板凝集抑制作用を有するため, 出血傾向のある患者には慎重に投与, 高齢者には, 低用量(100mg/日)から投与を開始するなど患者の状態を観察しながら慎重に投与する. また, 本剤の血中動態は食事の影響をほとんど受けない.

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The corrosion fatigue (CF) crack growth behavior of a duplex (α and γ phases) stainless steel, SUS329J1, weldment has been investigated in ASTM synthetic seawater (SSW) at the free corrosion potential and the cathodically charged potential of -957mV vs. Ag/AgCl. The tests were conducted with a sinusoidal load at stress ratios of 0.1 and 0.8 with stress cycle frequencies of 0.17Hz and 10Hz. The CF crack growth rate of the weld metal in terms of stress intensity factor range, ΔK, was considerably lower than that of the base metal, since a crack opening load was increased by the compressive residual stress by welding. In air tests, the crack growth rate of the weld metal in terms of the effective stress intensity factor range, ΔK_eff, or a modified one, ΔK_cont, was larger than that of the base metal, because the acceleration of the growth rate by nonmetallic inclusions in the former is more prevailing than in the latter. At low ΔK_cont at the free corrosion potential, the crack growth rate of the weld metal, which was accelerated by the inclusion and hydrogen embrittlement (HE), was higher than that of the base metal, which was accelerated by dissolution. On the other hand, at high ΔK_cont at f=0.17Hz of R=0.1 at the free corrosion and the cathodically charged potentials, the growth rate of the weld metal was lower than that of the base metal, since the base metal with lower area ratio of γ phase was more sensitive to HE than that of the weld metal.

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本報では，農業用ポンプ設備に関する振動診断技術の検証と新技術分野を対象としたリカレント教育に関する筆者らの取組みから，産学官連携の重要性と課題を考察した。筆者らは，新潟県，新潟県土地改良事業団体連合会および新潟大学による産学官連携を行っている。本取組みでは，リカレント教育として振動工学に関する基礎知識を学び，新たな技術分野である振動計測の検査精度の確保を産学官連携により進めた。その結果，農業水利システムの適切な維持管理には，システムの特徴を踏まえた農業土木施設と機械設備に精通した専門技術者の育成を産学官連携により進めることが不可欠であることが示唆された。

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Although the presence of a non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (NRILN) is rare, surgeons occasionally encounter this anomaly during thyroid and parathyroid surgery. It is usually due to anomalous nerve and blood vessel development from the embryonic branchial arches.
We recently encountered two patients with NRILN. One represented type 1 branching from the vagus trunk at the level of the inferior thyroid artery, and the other, type 2 branching at the level of the superior pole of the thyroid gland.
Avoiding injury to the inferior laryngeal nerve is a major consideration during thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Because in most cases, including our two cases, NRILNs are associated with anomalous origin of the right subclavian artery from the aortic arch, this anomaly can be predicted by imaging procedures. Therefore, surgeons must pay careful attention to the preoperative examination findings in order to reduce the risk of injury of this nerve.

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症例は89歳男性で、嗄声を主訴に近医を受診し右反回神経麻痺を指摘、精査加療目的に当科紹介受診となった．喉頭ファイバースコピーにて右反回神経麻痺を認め、ほか咽喉頭に特記すべき異常所見を認めなかった．頸胸部単純+造影CT検査を施行したところ、右鎖骨下動脈瘤を指摘され、動脈瘤による右反回神経麻痺が嗄声の原因と考えられた．その後右鎖骨下動脈瘤について当院心臓血管外科へ紹介し、年齢や治療による侵襲を考慮して経過観察の方針となった．右鎖骨下動脈瘤は頻度の少ない疾患であり、右反回神経麻痺の原因となることも臨床的に稀である．破裂により致死的となる可能性もあるため、嗄声のみで耳鼻咽喉科が初診となる症例を見逃さないことが重要である．

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甲状腺手術の際に稀に反回神経(下喉頭神経)が右鎖骨下動脈の下を反回せず,直接迷走神経より分枝する症例を経験する.非反回下喉頭神経(NRILN)は右鎖骨下動脈起始異常に伴う発生異常である. NRILNの走行は通常迷走神経より直接分枝し,甲状腺の裏側を走行し喉頭へ入るが,胸骨甲状筋の裏側と甲状腺前面の間を走行していた稀な症例を経験した. NRILNの症例は術前食道透視で,異常右鎖骨下動脈による切痕を認めることが多く,術前食道透視や,術中の反回神経の慎重な確認で反回神経麻痺を防ぐことが必要である.

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