自然から直接学び、自然に親しみ、地域の環境と私たちの生活環境とのかかわりを見直すことは、自然 (現象) をはじめとする環境の保全、保護の大切さを理解し、自然環境と人間社会の調和を求める環境学習にとって大きな課題である。びわ湖や地域の河川などの水環境から直接学ぶ学習を計画し、実施したので報告する。

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To obtain pointers for teaching data interpretation in Japanese elementary school science (biology) classes, this study compared Japanese and American elementary science textbooks and analyzed how data interpretation and its preparation are dealt with in them. The following six differences were found: (1) relation between data organization (including data presentation) and data interpretation; (2) data interpretation procedure, that is, distinguishing independent variables and dependent ones, organizing the data, and finally interpreting the data; (3) data interpretation on the basis of tables; (4) data interpretation on the basis of tables and graphs; (5) posing of questions on key points for data interpretation; and (6) the presence or absence of information on data interpretation. The following three conclusions, which could provide pointers for teaching data interpretation in Japanese elementary school science (biology) classes, were drawn from these six differences: (1) a distinction should be made between independent variables and dependent ones, data organization, and data interpretation, in that order; (2) questions on key points for data interpretation should be posed; and (3) data interpretation should be posed after observation and experiment.

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Owing to the outbreak of the stink bug (ground bug), Aethus indicus, and its invasion into houses, a large number of the inhabitant in the Amami Islands was afflicted, during the summer season 1974. Thus, ecology of the bug has been investigated at Okinoerabu Island, one of the outbreak areas, since 1975. The census of the bugs on ground surface were carried out at various topographical and biological environments. As a result, the bug was collected only at the areas flourishing with foxtailgrass, Setaria viridis (L.), fingergrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.), but not at othertareas. The population density of the adults was as high as 500 per square meter at the suitable habitats. We observed frequently the bugs sucking from the seeds of foxtailgrass on the ground. Rearing in the laboratory giving the seeds as food, it took them 54 days in average to develope from egg to adult emergence during the summer. In the field, the female adults having mated and containing mature eggs were not found in October and thereafter. Since they mate and deposit eggs in the spring, we presume that the field population complete its life cycle twice a year.

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